mbụ Zhang Zhuoyan Greenhouse Horticulture Agricultural Engineering Technology 2022-09-09 17:20 Ezitere na Beijing

Ụdị griin ha na-emekarị na njirimara maka ịkụ mkpụrụ osisi

A na-egbute mkpụrụ osisi ahụ kwa afọ na ugwu China ma na-achọ ịkụ ihe ọkụkụ. Otú ọ dị, a chọtara nsogbu dị iche iche na usoro ịkụ ihe n'ezie na-eji ụdị ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche dị ka ụlọ griin haus nke anyanwụ, ụlọ elu nke multi-span, na ụlọ ihe nkiri.

01 Ihe nkiri Greenhouse

Uru nke mkpụrụ osisi na-eto eto na griin haus bụ na enwere oghere ikuku anọ n'akụkụ abụọ na elu nke griin haus, nke ọ bụla nwere obosara nke 50-80cm, na mmetụta ventilashion dị mma. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na ọ dịghị mma ịgbakwunye ihe mkpuchi ọkụ dị ka quilts, mmetụta mkpuchi okpomọkụ adịghị mma. Okpomọkụ kachasị dị ala n'abalị n'oge oyi nke ugwu bụ -9 Celsius C, na nkezi okpomọkụ na griin haus bụ -8 Celsius. Tomato enweghị ike itolite n'oge oyi.

02 Ụlọ elu nke anyanwụ

Uru nke itolite mkpụrụ osisi na griin haus nke anyanwụ bụ na mgbe opekempe okpomọkụ dị n'abalị n'oge oyi bụ -9 Celsius C, nkezi okpomọkụ na griin haus nwere ike iru 8 Celsius. Otú ọ dị, mgbidi ala nke griin haus nke anyanwụ na-eduga na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala nke iji ala eme ihe. N'otu oge ahụ, e nwere oghere abụọ nke ikuku ventilashị n'akụkụ ndịda na elu nke griin haus nke anyanwụ, nke ọ bụla nwere obosara nke 50-80cm, na mmetụta ikuku adịghị mma.

03 griin haus n'ọtụtụ ebe

Uru nke na-eto eto tomato na griin haus multi-span film bụ na multi-span griin haus Ọdịdị anaghị etinyekwu ala ugbo, na itinye n'ọrụ ala dị elu. Enwere ngụkọta nke oghere ventilashị asatọ n'akụkụ anọ na elu nke griin haus multi-span (were 30m × 30m multi-span greenhouse dị ka ihe atụ). A na-ekwe nkwa mmetụta ventilashion. Otú ọ dị, mgbe opekempe okpomọkụ n'abalị na ugwu oyi bụ -9 Celsius C, nkezi okpomọkụ na multi-span film griin haus bụ -7 ° C. N'oge oyi, oriri ike kwa ụbọchị iji mee ka opekempe ụlọ dị n'ime ụlọ ruo 15 Celsius C maka uto berry nkịtị nwere ike iru 340 kW•h / 667m.².

Site na 2018 ruo 2022, ndị otu onye ode akwụkwọ anwalela ma tụnyere nsonaazụ ngwa nke griin haus ihe nkiri, griin haus nke anyanwụ na griin haus multi-span. N'otu oge ahụ, a haziri griin haus dị mma maka ịkụ mkpụrụ osisi beri ma rụọ ya n'ụzọ ezubere iche.

Ntụle nke isi atụmatụ nke griin haus dị iche iche

Ụlọ ihe nkiri ihe nkiri, griin haus nke anyanwụ na griin haus multi-span

Ugboro abụọ-span griin haus maka tomato

Na ndabere nke nkịtị greenhouses, odee otu haziri na wuru a abụọ-span griin haus maka beri akuku, na rụrụ ikpe akuku na raspberries dị ka ihe atụ. Nsonaazụ gosiri na ọhụrụ griin haus emepụta na-eto eto na gburugburu ebe obibi bụ ihe kwesịrị ekwesị maka beri akuku, na kachasị uto na ekwukwa n'akwụkwọ ọdịnaya nke raspberries.

Ntụnyere ihe mejupụtara mkpụrụ osisi

Ugboro abụọ griin haus

Igwe griin haus okpukpu abụọ bụ ụdị griin haus ọhụrụ nke mmetụta ventilashị, mmetụta ọkụ na ọnụego ojiji ala dị mma maka ịkụ mkpụrụ osisi. E gosipụtara parampat nhazi na tebụl dị n'okpuru.

Profaịlụ griin haus nwere ogologo / mm

Ugboro abụọ griin haus Ọdịdị parameters

The akuku elu nke tomato dị iche na akuku elu nke omenala inine. Ụdị raspberry ndị a na-akọ nwere ike iru ihe karịrị mita 2. N'akụkụ ala nke griin haus, osisi beri ga-adị oke elu ma mebie ihe nkiri ahụ. Uto nke tomato chọrọ ìhè siri ike (ngụkọta radieshon anyanwụ 400 ~ 800 nkeji radieshon (10)⁴W/m²). Enwere ike ịhụ site na tebụl dị n'okpuru na ogologo oge ọkụ na ọkụ ọkụ dị elu n'oge okpomọkụ na-enwe mmetụta dị nta na tomato, na n'oge oyi obere ìhè ọkụ na obere oge ìhè mere ka mbelata nke mkpụrụ osisi beri. E nwekwara ihe dị iche na ọkụ ọkụ dị n'ebe ugwu na n'ebe ndịda nke griin haus nke anyanwụ, nke na-eduga n'iche na uto osisi n'ebe ugwu na n'akụkụ ndịda. Ala oyi akwa nke mgbidi ala nke griin haus nke anyanwụ na-emebi emebi nke ukwuu, ọnụ ọgụgụ ojiji nke ala bụ naanị ọkara, na usoro mmiri ozuzo na-emebi site na mmụba nke ndụ ọrụ.

mmetụta nke ìhè ike na ìhè oge na rasberi mkpụrụ na oyi na okpomọkụ

itinye n'ọrụ ala

01 ikuku ventilashion

Igwe griin haus ọhụrụ nke okpukpu abụọ emeela ka elu nke ikuku ikuku na-agbada na ọnọdụ kachasị ala iji hụ na ọ dịghị ihe nkiri na mpaghara ihe ọkụkụ nke nwere ike igbochi uto nke osisi. E jiri ya tụnyere oghere ndị dị ala nke nwere obosara nke 0.4-0.6m na ụlọ ọkụ nke anyanwụ nkịtị, oghere ndị nwere obosara nke 1.2-1.5m na griin haus okpukpu abụọ ejirila okpukpu abụọ nke ikuku.

02 Ọnụego ojiji ala griin haus na ọkụ & mkpuchi

Igwe griin haus nwere okpukpu abụọ na-adabere na ogologo nke 16m na ịdị elu nke 5.5m. E jiri ya tụnyere ụlọ griin nke anyanwụ nkịtị, oghere dị n'ime ya dị okpukpu 1.5, na 95% nke ebe a na-akụ ihe ọkụkụ na-enweta na-enweghị mgbidi mgbidi ala, nke na-eme ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ala na-arụ ọrụ karịa 40%. Dị iche na mgbidi ala nke e wuru maka mkpuchi okpomọkụ na nchekwa okpomọkụ na greenhouses nke anyanwụ, okpukpu abụọ nke griin haus na-anabata usoro ikpo ọkụ dị n'ime ụlọ na usoro ikpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ n'ala, nke na-adịghị etinye ebe a na-akụ ihe. Ogologo oge buru ibu na-ebute mpaghara okpukpu abụọ na ọnụọgụ ọkụ ọkụ, nke na-eme ka nchekwa okpomọkụ dị ala site na 0 ~ 5 Celsius C kwa afọ. N'otu oge ahụ, a na-agbakwunye ihe mkpuchi ọkụ dị n'ime ụlọ na usoro nke ikpo ọkụ ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na griin haus iji nọgide na-enwe okpomọkụ dị n'ime ụlọ griin ha ka ọ dị elu karịa 15 Celsius C n'okpuru mmiri oyi nke -20 ° C n'oge oyi nke ugwu, si otú n'ịhụ na nkịtị mmepụta nke tomato ke ini etuep.

03 ọkụ griin haus

Uto nke tomato nwere ihe dị elu chọrọ na ìhè, nke chọrọ ngụkọta anyanwụ irradiance nke 400-800 radieshon nkeji (10).⁴W/m²) nke ìhè ike. Ihe ndị na-emetụta ọkụ griin haus gụnyere ọnọdụ ihu igwe, oge, latitude na ihe owuwu ụlọ. Atọ nke mbụ bụ ihe dị iche iche sitere n'okike, ọ bụghịkwa mmadụ na-achịkwa ya, ebe ndị mmadụ na-achịkwa nke ikpeazụ. Igwe ọkụ griin ha na-emetụtakarị na nghazi griin haus (n'ime 10 ° South ma ọ bụ n'ebe ugwu), akụkụ elu ụlọ (20 ~ 40 Celsius), ebe shading nke ihe owuwu ụlọ, nnyefe ọkụ nke ihe nkiri plastik na mmetọ, ụmụ irighiri mmiri, ogo ịka nká, ndị a bụ isi ihe na-emetụta ọkụ griin haus. Kagbuo ihe mkpuchi ọkụ dị n'èzí wee nakwere usoro mkpuchi ọkụ dị n'ime, nke nwere ike ibelata elu shading site na 20%. Iji hụ na ọrụ nnyefe ọkụ na ndụ ọrụ dị irè nke ihe nkiri ahụ, ọ dị mkpa iji wepụ mmiri ozuzo na snow n'elu ihe nkiri ahụ n'oge. Mgbe nyochachara, a chọpụtara na elu ụlọ nke 25 ~ 27 Celsius na-eme ka mmiri ozuzo na snow dịkwuo mma. Ogologo ogologo nke griin haus na nhazi nke ugwu-ndịda nwere ike ime ka ọkụ ahụ bụrụ otu iji dozie nsogbu nke uto osisi na-ekwekọghị n'otu griin haus.

Pụrụ iche nnukwu-span thermal mkpuchi ihe plastic griin haus maka tomato

Ndị otu odee nyochara wee wuo nnukwu griin haus. Nke a griin haus nwere nnukwu uru na-ewu na-eri-irè, berry mkpụrụ na thermal mkpuchi arụmọrụ.

Akụkụ ihe owuwu griin ha buru ibu

Ọdịdị griin haus buru ibu

01 Okpomọkụ uru

Nnukwu griin haus anaghị achọ mgbidi ala, yana ọnụ ọgụgụ ojiji ala nke griin haus nkịtị na-abawanye karịa 30%. E kpebisiri ike na griin haus nwere ike iru 6 Celsius C mgbe okpomọkụ dị n'èzí bụ -15 Celsius C na ọdịiche dị n'etiti ime ụlọ na n'èzí bụ 21 ° C. N'ihe gbasara mkpuchi ọkụ, ọ dị ka ọrụ griin ha na anyanwụ.

Ntụle nke mkpuchi ọkụ na nrụpụta okpomọkụ n'etiti nnukwu griin haus na griin haus nke anyanwụ n'oge oyi.

02 Uru ụlọ

Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere usoro ezi uche dị na ya, ntọala siri ike, nkwụsị ikuku nke ọkwa 10, ibu snow nke 0.43kN / m², nguzogide siri ike na ọdachi ndị na-emere onwe ha dị ka oke mmiri ozuzo na nchịkọta snow, na ndụ ọrụ karịa afọ 15. N'iji ya tụnyere ụlọ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nkịtị, oghere dị n'ime otu mpaghara ahụ na-abawanye ugboro 2 ~ 3, nke dị mma maka ịrụ ọrụ mechanized, ọ dịkwa mma maka ịkụ ihe ọkụkụ na osisi toro ogologo (2m ± 1m).

03 Light na ohere gburugburu uru

Nnukwu griin haus na-aba uru nke ukwuu na njikwa ndị ọrụ na ịhazi usoro ihe ọkụkụ buru ibu, ma nwee ike izere n'efu ọrụ. Nhazi elu ụlọ nke nnukwu griin haus na-eburu n'uche n'akụkụ elu anyanwụ na akụkụ ihe kpatara ìhè anyanwụ n'elu ihe nkiri ahụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ latitude dị iche iche, nke mere na ọ nwere ike ịmepụta ọnọdụ ọkụ dị mma na oge dị iche iche na oge dị iche iche nke ìhè anyanwụ (jikọtara). na n'akuku n'etiti ihe nkiri elu na ala bụ 27 ° maka mmiri ozuzo na snow na-adaba ala comprehensively) , ka ibelata mgbasa na refraction nke ìhè dị ka o kwere mee, na jirichaa ojiji nke ike anyanwụ. Oghere nke nnukwu griin haus na-abawanye karịa ugboro 2, yana CO₂ ikwu na ikuku na-amụba ihe karịrị 2 ugboro, nke na-eme ka uto nke ihe ubi na-emezu nzube nke ịba ụba mmepụta.

Ntụle dị iche iche akụrụngwa nke na-eto eto tomato

Ebumnuche nke iwulite griin haus kwesịrị ekwesị maka ịkụ mkpụrụ osisi beri bụ inweta ebe dị mkpa na-eto eto na njikwa gburugburu ebe obibi na ịkụ mkpụrụ osisi beri, na uto nke osisi na-egosipụta n'ụzọ doro anya uru na ọghọm dị na gburugburu ebe obibi ha na-eto eto.

Tụnyere uto nke raspberries dị iche iche greenhouses

Tụnyere uto nke raspberries dị iche iche greenhouses

Ọnụ ọgụgụ na ogo mkpụrụ osisi rasberi na-adaberekwa na gburugburu ebe obibi na-eto eto na njikwa gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọkọlọtọ nnabata nke mkpụrụ osisi klaasị mbụ karịrị 70% yana nsonaazụ 4t/667m.² pụtara elu uru.

ntụnyere nke mkpụrụ nke griin haus dị iche iche na ụkpụrụ nnabata nke mkpụrụ osisi nke mbụ

Ngwaahịa rasberi 

Ozi ngụ

Zhang Zhuoyan.A pụrụ iche akụrụngwa Ọdịdị kwesịrị ekwesị maka utu cultivation [J]. Teknụzụ Injinia Agricultural, 2022,42 (22): 12-15.