Afstrac: akwukwo nri bu uzo mbu na akwukwo nri imeputa ihe, na ogo nke nkpuru di nkpa nke nkpuru na ogo nke akuku. Na nnụcha na-aga n'ihu nke nkewa na ụlọ ọrụ inicline akwukwo, akwukwo nri see ji nwayọọ nwayọọ kpụzinye ụzụ ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche ma na-emepụta nri oriri. Ihu igwe adịghị mma, usoro ọdịnala ọdịnala na-ewepụ ọtụtụ nsogbu ndị dị ka uto nke seedlings, ihe ịga nke ọma, na ụmụ ahụhụ na ọrịa. Iji nagide ihe ịga nke ọma, ọtụtụ ndị na-akụzi azụmahịa na-eji ndị na-eme ihe mkpali. Agbanyeghị, enwere ọghọm nke mkpụrụ ego na-eme ihe nri, nchekwa nri na mmetọ gburugburu ya na iji ndị na-achịkwa Uto. Na mgbakwunye na usoro nchịkwa kemịkalụ, ọ bụ ezie na mkpali mkpali, nchịkwa na njikwa mmiri nwekwara ike ịrụ ọrụ na-egbochi uto nke seedlings, ha dịchaghị mma ma dị irè. N'okpuru mmetụta nke ọgụ ọhụrụ zuru ụwa ọnụ - 19, nsogbu nke ụkọ ọrụ na-akpata ọrụ na-akwụ ụgwọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ na-ebili na ụlọ ọrụ seedling abụrụla ndị ama ama.

Site na mmepe nke teknụzụ na-enwu enwu, iji ọkụ na-enye akwụkwọ nri maka mkpụrụ osisi na-ebute uru dị elu, ọtụtụ pests na ọrịa. E jiri ya tụnyere isi mmalite nke ọdịnala, ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ebe nchekwa, arụmọrụ dị elu, nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, obere radieshon, na obere ikuku. Ọ nwere ike ịkọwapụta ụdị dị iche iche dị ka uto na mkpa mmepe nke seedlings na usoro nke mkpụrụ osisi, n'otu oge ahụ, nke na-enye aka na-emetọ mkpụrụ osisi, na ngwa ngwa , ma na-eme ka mkpụrụ osisi na-agbasa. Na South China, ọ na-ewe ihe dị ka ụbọchị 60 iji zụlite ose na tomato, na-elapụta akwụkwọ greenlings, na ihe dị ka ụbọchị 35 maka kukumba seedlings (3-5 ezi akwụkwọ). N'okpuru ọnọdụ ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ, ọ na-ewe naanị ụbọchị iri na asaa, iji zụlite mkpụrụ osisi seedlings na 25 maka ise seedlings nke 20 H na PPF nke 200-300. E jiri ya tụnyere cungling usoro na griin haus, ojiji nke G Duse na-eto eto na-etolite site na 33.8% na 37.3% , n'otu n'otu, na mkpụrụ kachasị elu na-amụba site na 71.44%.

N'ihe banyere ike ọrụ ike, arụmọrụ arụmọrụ nke ihe ọkụkụ dị elu karịa nke ụdị greenhouses n'otu latitude. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ụlọ ọrụ Swedish, 1411 mj ka a chọrọ iwepụta 1 n'arọ nke afụka nke letus, ebe 1699 mj chọrọ na griin haus. Agbanyeghị, ọ bụrụ na eletrik achọrọ kwa kilogram nke legtus akọrọ, na Netherlands na Sweden, na Arab Emirates chọrọ 182 KW H, 70 kW y, na 111 KW \ H, n'otu n'otu.

N'otu oge, na ụlọ ọrụ osisi, ojiji nke kọmputa, akụrụngwa akpaka, ọgụgụ isi na teknụzụ ndị ọzọ kwesịrị ekwesị maka ịkụ ihe ọkụkụ, wezuga ike nke ọnọdụ gburugburu, ma ghọta onye nwere ọgụgụ isi, meriri na usoro kwa afọ nke imepụta mkpụrụ. N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ejirila ọkụkọ ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ nri, akwụkwọ nri na akụ na ụba ndị ọzọ na Japan, South Korea, Europe na obodo ndị ọzọ. Ego mbu nke ihe ọkụkụ, ọnụ ahịa dị elu, na nnukwu usoro ọrụ ka bụ karama na-egbochi nkwalite teknụzụ ịkụ mkpụrụ akụ na China. Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa iburu n'uche ihe achọrọ na ịchekwa ume dị elu na usoro nchịkwa ọkụ, nguzobe nke ụdị uto, na akụrụngwa akpaaka iji mee ka uru akụ na ụba.

N'isiokwu a, mmetụta nke ìhè dị ndụ na-eto na uto nke akwukwo nri seerks na-adịbeghị anya, a na-enyocha usoro iwu nke usoro iwu nke mkpụrụ osisi.

1. Mmetụta nke ọkụ gburugburu na uto na mmepe nke mkpụrụ osisi

Dị ka otu n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa gburugburu ebe obibi maka uto na mmepe, ọkụ abụghị naanị isi iyi maka osisi iji rụọ photosynthesis, kamakwa mgbaàmà dị mkpa na-emetụta osisi Photomorogesis. Osisi na-eche echiche, ume na ịdị mma nke mgbaama site na sistemụ mgbaama ahụ, na-ahazi ọnụnọ nke ha, ma na-aza ya, na-efegharị na oge ọkụ. A na-ama ama ama ama ama ama na klas atọ: phytochromes (phya ~ phye) na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na ultraviolet a, na phop1 na photo2), UV-B reder unr8 nke nwere ezi UV-B. Ndị a na-ese foto ndị a na-ekere òkè ma mezie ngosipụta nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị metụtara ya ma mezie ihe ọkụkụ mkpụrụ, phomororphogenesis, na nnabata nke meruo na mkparị.

2. Mmetụta nke GHARA BED WHOD na Phomorphole Elu nke akwukwo nri

Ihe dị iche iche dị iche iche dị iche iche na Phomororphogenenesis mkpụrụ osisi

Mpaghara na-acha ọbara ọbara na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-acha uhie uhie nwere arụmọrụ dị elu maka osisi akwukwo photosythesis. Agbanyeghị, ikpughe ogologo oge nke mkpụrụ osisi na-acha ọbara ọbara ga-emebi foto na-acha uhie uhie, na-ebute ihe nlereanya nke "na-agbadata photome nwere ike ike na nitrogen jiri arụmọrụ, na azụ. N'okpuru ọnọdụ nke ike ọkụ dị ala (100 ± 5 μmol / (M2) na-emebi chloroplasts nke kukumba, mana a gbanwere chloroplasts nke kukumba ma ọ gbakere na ìhè uhie dị ọcha na-acha uhie uhie na acha anụnụ anụnụ (R: B = 7: 3). Kama nke ahụ, mgbe kukumba na-acha uhie uhie ọkụ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na gburugburu uhie uhie gburugburu ebe obibi ọbara ọbara na-acha ọbara ọbara, arụ ọrụ na-agbadata nke ukwuu, na-egosi mgbanwe na-agbanwe agbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi ọkụ. Site na nyocha akpaaka na-egosi na mpempe akwụkwọ mpempe akwụkwọ nke cucid seedlings na "Synd Ghandromes", nha nke stana na akwụkwọ ọbara ọbara dị obere karịa Ọgwụ ọkụ na-acha ọcha. Ntinye nke ìhè na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-eme ka ihe ọ bụla mara mma nke kukumba chloroplasts na-ewepụ oke nri. E jiri ya tụnyere ọkụ na-acha ọbara ọbara na ìhè na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, ọ dị ọcha na-etolite n'ike etolite na cootyn nwere ike belata ike. Enwere ike ịhụ ya na ụdị osisi dị iche iche na-aza ọdịiche dị iche iche na otu ọkụ ahụ, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụdị ọkụ monochromatic, osisi nwere uto dị elu na gburugburu nke ìhè nke ìhè agwakọta.

Ndị na-eme nchọpụta emeela nyocha dị ukwuu na njikarịcha nke ọkụ dị mma. N'okpuru otu ọkụ ahụ, na mmụba nke ọkụ uhie, osisi ahụ dị elu na ibu dị arọ, yana ọgwụgwọ nke uhie na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nke 3: 1 nwere mmetụta kachasị mma; Kama nke ahụ, oke nke na-acha anụnụ anụnụ ọ na-egbochi uto nke tomato, nke dị mkpụmkpụ ma kọmpat, ma mụbara ọdịnaya nke akpịrị na chlorophyll na Ome nke seedlings. A na-ahụ usoro yiri nke ahụ na ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ, dị ka ose na watermelons. Na mgbakwunye, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ìhè ọcha, ọkụ na-acha ọbara ọbara (R: B: 3) Ọ bụghị naanị na ịmị mkpụrụ osisi, kamakwa ngosipụta nke enzymes metụtara Na Calvin okirikiri, uto uto uto na carbohydrite na carbohydrate na-akawanye mma. Tụnyere ogo abụọ nke ọbara ọbara na-acha anụnụ anụnụ (R: B = 2: 1, 4: 1), oke nke ìhè na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-eme ka e guzobepụta ụmụ nwanyị na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na ngwa ngwa nke ifuru ụmụ nwanyị . Ọ bụ ezie na ọkụ na-acha ọbara ọbara na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ enweghị mmetụta dị iche iche nke kale, argula, na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, ọ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ) Na mọstad seedlings, ebe cotydon ụcha miri emi. Ya mere, na mmepụta nke seedlings, mmụba kwesịrị ekwesị na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nwere ike belata ndọtị nke mkpụrụ osisi, ma melite ndọtị nke seedling, nke na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma na-azụlite mkpụrụ osisi siri ike. N'okpuru ọnọdụ ahụ na ike ọkụ na-agbanwe agbanwe, mmụba nke ọkụ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ na acha anụnụ anụnụ ọkụ ọkụ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ dị mma nke ọma na ose dị ụtọ seedlings. E jiri ya tụnyere oriọna na-acha ọcha na-acha ọcha. Mgbakwunye nke ọkụ UV (100 μmol / (M2 S) Blue Light + 7% UV na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nke a na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nke argula na mọstad, ebe mgbakwunye nke fr bụ ihe dị iche. Nke a na - egosi na mgbakwunye na ọkụ ọbara ọbara na acha anụnụ anụnụ, àgwà ọkụ ndị ọzọ na - arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa na usoro uto na mmepe. Ọ bụ ezie na ọkụ ultraviolet ma ọ bụ fr bụ ike nke ike nke photosynthesis, ha abụọ so na osisi Photomorsphogesis. Ìhè UV na-emerụ ahụ dị elu na-emerụ ahụ na protein, wdg, ọkụ UV na-eme mgbanwe na uto na-akpata nsogbu, morphology na mmepe iji gbanwee na mgbanwe gburugburu. Nnyocha e mere egosila na obere r / fr na-eme ka mmeghachi omume ndo, na-ebute mgbanwe na osisi, dị ka elongation, akwukwo thinwụrụ ọkụ, ma belata akpịrị apị mkpụrụ. Akpa clunder abụghị ezigbo uto maka itolite sie ike seedlings. Maka ahihia ahihia na nkpuru akwukwo nkpuru osisi, guzosi ike, kọmpat, kọmpat na ikesa mkpụrụ osisi anaghị adịkarị mfe n'oge njem na akuku.

UV-a nwere ike ime kukumba seedling dị mkpụmkpụ ma na-akọwapụta, na mkpụrụ ya mgbe transplanting adịghị iche na nke njikwa ahụ; Ọ bụ ezie na UV-B nwere mmetụta ndị ọzọ dị mkpa karịa, na mmetụta mbelata nke transplanting adịghị mkpa. Ọmụmụ ihe gara aga ekwuola na ị na-egbochi uto na-eme ka osisi na-eme ka osisi na-eme. Mana enwere ihe akaebe na-eto eto na ọnụnọ UV-A, kama igbochi ihe ọkụkụ biomass, na-akwalite ya n'ezie. Tụnyere ya na ọkụ na-acha ọbara ọbara (R: W = 2: 3, PPFD bụ 250 μmol / (M2 μ) (M2 w / M2 (M2 S) Uv ike gafere 10 w / m2. Kwa ụbọchị 2 H uv-mgbakwunye (0.45 J / (M2) nwere ike ịbawanye ihe ọkụkụ, na-abawanye tomato na mkpụrụ osisi tomato. Enwere ike ịhụ ya na ihe dị iche iche a na-emeghachite ọdịiche dị iche iche na ọkụ UV, nke nwere ike metụtara nghọta nke ihe ọkụkụ na ọkụ UV.

Maka ịkụ gradlingd seedlings, ogologo nke azuokokoosisi kwesịrị ime ka ọ na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma iji mee ka ya na graoning rootstock. Ike dị iche iche nke fr nwere mmetụta dị iche iche na uto nke tomato, ose, kukumba, gound na wasmelon seedlings. Mgbakwunye nke 18.9 μmol / (M2 • s) nke fr na oyi na-acha ọcha ọkụ ọkụ na-amụba ogologo na steyle na nke tomato na ose seedlings; FR nke 34.1 μmol / (M2 • s) nwere mmetụta kachasị mma na ịkwalite ogologo na stem dị dayameta nke kukumba, goud na Wurdmelon Seedlings; FR (53.4 μmol / (M2 • s)) nwere mmetụta kachasị mma na akwụkwọ nri ise ndị a. Hypoctoty ogologo na steam dayameta nke mkpụrụ anaghị abawanye nke ukwuu, wee malite igosipụta ọnọdụ dị ala. Ọkacha nke ose seedlings dị oke mkpa, na-egosi na usoro Satututus nke mkpụrụ osisi ise dị ala karịa 53.4 μmol / (Fru) dị ala karịa nke FR. Mmetụta ndị dị na uto nke akwukwo nri dị iche iche dịkwa iche.

2.2 Mmetụta nke ụbọchị dị iche iche na Phomororphogenenesis mkpụrụ osisi

Ihe dị mkpa na ụbọchị (DLI) na-anọchite anya ọnụọgụ nke photons photos site na osisi dị elu n'otu ụbọchị, nke metụtara ike ọkụ na oge. Usoro mgbako ahụ bụ DLI (M2 / Day) = ((M2 S) "× 3600. Na gburugburu ebe a na-eji ọkụ dị ala, osisi na-emeghachi ọnọdụ dị ala site na elu stem na internole ogologo na ebe mbelata ọkpụrụkpụ akwụkwọ na ọnụego akwụkwọ photoxynchetic. Site na mmụba nke ike ọkụ, ewezuga mọstad, ogologo hypoctotyy na steepụ nke argula, kabeeji na kabeeji na kabeeji ahụ dị n'okpuru otu ụdị ọkụ ahụ belata nke ukwuu. Enwere ike ịhụ na nsonaazụ ìhè na uto ihe ọkụkụ na morphogesis na-eme ka ike dị ọkụ na ụdị osisi. Site na mmụba nke DLI (8.8 MOL / M2 / Day), ụdị osisi kukumba seedings dị mkpụmkpụ, sie ike ma kọmpat na-eji nwayọọ belata. 6 ~ 16 ụbọchị mgbe ịgha mkpụrụ kukumba seedlings, akwụkwọ na mkpọrọgwụ akpọnwụwo. Ibu ya nke nta nke nta mụbara, na uto nke ji nwayọ nwayọ, mana 16 ruo ụbọchị 21 mgbe ịgha mkpụrụ, ọnụego nke epupụta na mgbọrọgwụ nke kukumba seedlings belatara nke ukwuu. Edozi Dli na-akwalite ọnụego net photosynthyymynthyymberynth nke kukumba seedlings, ma mgbe ụfọdụ ego ụfọdụ gasịrị, Net photosynchetic ọnụ ọnụego malitere iju. Ya mere, na-ahọpụta DLI kwesịrị ekwesị na iji usoro ọkụ dị iche iche dị iche iche na-eto dị iche iche nke seedlings nwere ike belata ike ike. Ọdịnaya nke soluble sugar na enzyme ke kukumba na tomato seedlings mụbara na mmụba nke ike DLI. Mgbe DLI Power na-abawanye site na 7.47 mol / ụbọchị ruo 11,26 molyme na kukumba seedlings mụbara site na 81.03%, na 55.5% n'otu n'otu. N'okpuru ọnọdụ DLI, na mmụba nke ọkụ na mkpụmkpụ nke oge ọkụ, na-ahọrọ usoro mgbakwunye nke ike ọkụ na ogologo oge ga-enyere gị aka ịkọ ndụ Ntinye uche na nke Photochemical arụmọrụ nke kukumba na tomato seedlings.

Ke mmepụta nke anyadokwa seedlings, ebe obibi dị ala nwere ike ibute mbelata ogo nke mkpụrụ osisi anya na mmụba na oge ịgwọ ọrịa. Ike ọkụ kwesịrị ekwesị nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị ịkwalite ike dị iche iche nke saịtị ahụ anyado ma melite ndepụta nke osisi siri ike, kamakwa belata ọnọdụ nke ifuru ụmụ nwanyị ma na-abawanye ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ nwanyị okooko osisi. N'ime ihe ọkụkụ, Dli nke 2.5-7.5 mol / m2 / Day zuru ezu iji mezuo mkpa ọgwụgwọ nke tomato. Mpempe akwụkwọ na ahịhịa adochara anya na osisi seedlings na-amụba nke ukwuu site na ịba ụba DLI ike. Nke a na-egosi na anyadokwa seedlings anaghị achọ ike ọkụ dị elu maka ọgwụgwọ. Ya mere, iburu n'uche ike oriri na gburugburu ebe obibi, na-ahọrọ ọkụ ọkụ kwesịrị ekwesị ga-enyere aka ịkwalite uru akụ na ụba.

3. Mmetụta nke ebe a na-eme ka nsogbu na-eguzogide nke ihe oriri

Osisi na-enweta akara ọkụ dị iche iche site na fotoesttors, na-emekọrịta njikọ na mkpokọta modula na osisi, si otú ahụ na-agbanwe uto na ọrụ nke osisi na-emegide nrụgide na nchekasị. Ọdịmma ọkụ dị iche iche nwere mmetụta ụfọdụ na mmelite nke ndidi oyi na ndidi nnu nke seedlings. Iji maa atụ, mgbe agbakwunye tomato maka ya maka awa anọ n'abalị, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọgwụgwọ na-enweghị ọkụ ọkụ, na ọkụ na-acha ọbara ọbara, na-acha anụnụ anụnụ belata permebility na MDA ọdịnaya nke tomato, ma melite nnabata oyi. Ihe omume nke sod, Pod na puri na seedlings seedlings n'okpuru ọgwụgwọ nke 8: 2 Red-acha anụnụ anụnụ dị elu karịa nke ọgwụgwọ ndị ọzọ, ha na-enwe ikike antioxidant na-enweghị atụ na ndidi.

Mmetụta UV-B na-eme ka uto na-eguzogide ihe na-egbochi ya site na ịba ụba nke mgbọrọgwụ nke na Romone , CTK, na Ga. Photoreceptor nke UV-B, Uvr8, abụghị naanị itinye aka na Phomororphogesis, kamakwa na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na nrụgide UV-B. Na osisi tomato, Uvr8 na-eme ka njikọ ya na mmụba nke antheryanins, na UV-Anclimated na-eme ka ike na-eme ka ike na-eme ka ike na-eme ka ike na-eme ka ike na-eme ka ike na-eme ka ike na-eme ka ike na-eme ka ike na-adị elu. Agbanyeghị, mmegharị nke UV-B ruo na mbuso agha na-ada site na usoro UvR8, nke na-egosi na nza nke usoro nchekwa osisi, yabụ na homonụ na-eme ihe dị iche iche Soro iguzogide nrụgide ọkọchị, ịba ụba nke ROS Salvengy ikike.

Abụọ nke ifuru nke hypocotyyyl ma ọ bụ azuokokoosisi nke FR na mmegharị nke osisi na-achịkwa nrụgide oyi site na homonụ. Ya mere, "Nzere ikpere ndo" mere site na fr metụtara mmegharị oyi osisi. Ọgwụ ndị ahụ gbakwụnyere ọka bali na 18 ụbọchị mgbe grisination na 15 Celsius C + Fold ọgwụgwọ na-acha ọcha na-eguzogide ntu oyi. Usoro a na-esonye site na Aba na IIA na Balis Seedlings. Nyefee nke 15 Celsius cr-freey bedy seedlings ruo 5 Celsius C ma na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ ndị yiri ya na ọgwụgwọ abụọ dị n'elu, mana belata nzaghachi Aba. Osisi nwere iche R: fl Valeles na-achịkwa biosynthesis nke phytormones (GA, CTK, nke gụnyere na nkwalite nnu nnu. N'okpuru nchekasị nnu, ebe dị ala R: ebe ọnọdụ dị ala nwere ike meziwanye antioxidant na photosynhey ike nke mkpụrụ tomato, belata mmepụta nke ros na mda na seedlings, ma meziwanye nnabata nnu. Ma Salaning nrụgide na ala R: Frur bara uru (R: Fr = 0.8) na-egbochi na-egbochi Biosyyll, ebe dị ala r: fr gburugburu ebe a na-ahụkarị Mkpesa nke Sanish na-akpata nrụgide nke chlorophyll. Nsonaazụ ndị a na-egosi nnọkọ ihe dị mkpa n'etiti phytochromes na nnabata nnu.

Na mgbakwunye na gburugburu ebe obibi, ihe ndị ọzọ gburugburu ebe obibi na-emetụta uto na ogo nke akwukwo nri seedlings. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmụba nke ịta ahụhụ ga-eme ka mmanụ ọkụ dịkwuo mma PN (PNMAX), belata nkwụghachi ụgwọ ọkụ, ma melite arụmọrụ dị mma. Mmụba nke ike na ịta ahụhụ na-enyere aka melite ọdịnaya nke photorymynthetic pigments, mmiri na-eji arụmọrụ nke enzymepụta na osisi tomato. Akọrọ ibu na kọmpat nke tomato na mkpụrụ osisi seedlings na-emekọ ihe na DLI, mgbanwe nke okpomọkụ metụtakwara uto n'otu usoro ọgwụgwọ Dli. Gburugburu ebe obibi 23 ~ 25 ℃ dabara adaba maka uto nke tomato seedlings. Dabere na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na ọnọdụ ọkụ, ndị nyocha ahụ malitere ịkọ ọnụego uto nke ose dabere na iwu nke Nkọwapụta nke ose tụkwapụtara.

Ya mere, mgbe ị na-echebe usoro iwu dị na mmepụta, ọ bụghị naanị ịkọ ihe gburugburu na ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ, kamakwa ịkọ ahịhịa na njikwa mmiri, gburugburu ebe, okpomọkụ na mkpụrụ osisi.

4. Nsogbu na Outlook

Nke mbu, udiri ìhè nke nkpuru akwukwo bu ihe di iche iche bu ihe di iche iche na nkpuru osisi di iche iche na ebe a na-eme ihe ubi kwesiri ka enyocha ya n'uzo. Nke a pụtara na iji mezuo ebumnuche nke arụmọrụ na mmepụta dị elu, a chọrọ nyocha iji guzobe usoro ọrụ tozuru oke.

Nke abuo, obu ezie na onu ogugu eji eme ihe di elu bu elu, ike oriri nke osisi na-enwu bụ isi ike nke seedlings na-eji ọkụ. Nnukwu ike ike nke ihe ọkụkụ bụ ka karama na-egbochi mmepe nke ihe ọkụkụ.

N'ikpeazụ, na ngwa osisi na-enye ọrụ ugbo, a na-atụ anya na ọnụ ahịa osisi ọkụ ọkụ na-ebelata nke ukwuu n'ọdịnihu; Kama nke ahụ, mmụba nke ọrụ ọrụ, karịsịa na oge mgbasa ozi na-efe efe, enweghị ọrụ ga-akwalite usoro nke sistem na akpaaka. N'ọdịnihu, ihe eji arụ ọrụ ọgụgụ isi na akụrụngwa nwere ọgụgụ isi ga-aghọrọ otu nke teknụzụ teknụzụ, ma ga-aga n'ihu na-akwalite mmepe nke teknụzụ ụlọ ọrụ osisi.

Ndị edemede: Jiehui tan, Houcheng Liu
Isiokwu Ebe: What nke Teknụzụ Injinia (Green Hartic Mesinoproproproproproproprowtory)