Abstract: Akwụkwọ nri bụ nzọụkwụ mbụ na mmepụta ihe oriri, na àgwà nke seedlings dị ezigbo mkpa maka mkpụrụ na àgwà nke akwụkwọ nri mgbe a kụrụ ya. Na-aga n'ihu na ukpụhọde nke nkewa nke ọrụ na akwukwo nri ụlọ ọrụ, akwukwo nri seedlings ji nwayọọ nwayọọ kpụrụ otu onwe ulo oru yinye na-eje ozi akwukwo nri mmepụta. N'ịbụ ndị ajọ ihu igwe na-emetụta, ụzọ mkpụrụ osisi ọdịnala na-agaghị ekwe omume na-eche ọtụtụ ihe ịma aka ihu dị ka mkpụrụ osisi na-eto ngwa ngwa, uto leggy, na pesti na ọrịa. Iji na-emeso mkpụrụ osisi leggy, ọtụtụ ndị na-azụ ahịa na-eji ihe na-achịkwa uto. Otú ọ dị, enwere ihe ize ndụ nke siri ike nke mkpụrụ osisi, nchekwa nri na mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi site na iji ndị na-achịkwa uto. Na mgbakwunye na usoro nchịkwa kemịkalụ, ọ bụ ezie na mkpali n'ibu, okpomọkụ na njikwa mmiri nwekwara ike ịrụ ọrụ na-egbochi uto leggy nke seedlings, ha dị ntakịrị obere adaba ma dị irè. N'okpuru mmetụta nke ọrịa ọhụrụ Covid-19 zuru ụwa ọnụ, nsogbu nke ihe isi ike njikwa mmepụta ihe kpatara ụkọ ọrụ na ịrị elu ọnụ ahịa ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ seedling aghọwo ndị a ma ama.

Site na mmepe nke teknụzụ ọkụ ọkụ, ojiji nke ọkụ artificial maka ịzụlite seedling inine nwere uru nke arụmọrụ seedling dị elu, obere pests na ọrịa, yana nhazi dị mfe. E jiri ya tụnyere isi mmalite ọkụ ọdịnala, ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke isi iyi ọkụ LED nwere njirimara nke ịzọpụta ike, arụmọrụ dị elu, ogologo ndụ, nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi na ogologo oge, obere nha, radieshon dị ala, na obere njupụta nke ogologo. Ọ nwere ike chepụta ụdịdị dị iche iche kwesịrị ekwesị dị ka uto na mkpa mmepe nke seedlings na gburugburu ebe obibi nke ụlọ ọrụ osisi, ma na-achịkwa usoro physiological na metabolic nke seedlings n'ụzọ ziri ezi, n'otu oge ahụ, na-enye aka na-enweghị mmetọ, nhazi na ngwa ngwa mmepụta nke akwukwo nri seedlings. , na shortens na seedling okirikiri. Na South China, ọ na-ewe ihe dị ka ụbọchị 60 iji zụlite ose na tomato seedlings (3-4 ezi epupụta) na plastic greenhouses, na banyere 35 ụbọchị maka kukumba seedlings (3-5 ezi epupụta). N'okpuru ọnọdụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ọ na-ewe nanị ụbọchị 17 iji zụlite mkpụrụ osisi tomato na ụbọchị 25 maka mkpụrụ osisi ose n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke oge foto nke 20 h na PPF nke 200-300 μmol / (m2 • s). E jiri ya tụnyere usoro ịkụ mkpụrụ osisi a na-ahụkarị na griin haus, ojiji nke usoro ịkụ mkpụrụ osisi LED na-eme ka usoro uto kukumba dị mkpụmkpụ site na ụbọchị 15 ruo 30, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ifuru nwanyị na mkpụrụ osisi kwa osisi mụbara site na 33.8% na 37.3%. , otu ọ bụla, na mkpụrụ kachasị elu mụbara site na 71.44%.

N'ihe banyere ike itinye n'ọrụ ike, ike itinye n'ọrụ arụmọrụ nke osisi ụlọ ọrụ dị elu karịa nke Venlo-ụdị greenhouses n'otu latitudes. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke Sweden, a chọrọ 1411 MJ iji mepụta 1 kg nke mkpụrụ osisi letus, ebe 1699 MJ chọrọ na griin haus. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na a gbakọọ ọkụ eletrik a chọrọ kwa kilogram nke letus akọrọ, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe chọrọ 247 kW·h iji mepụta 1 kilogram akọrọ nke letus, na greenhouses na Sweden, Netherlands, na United Arab Emirates chọrọ 182 kW · h, 70 kW·h, na 111 kW·h, n'otu n'otu.

N'otu oge ahụ, n'ime ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, iji kọmputa, akụrụngwa akpaka, ọgụgụ isi na teknụzụ ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịchịkwa ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi kwesịrị ekwesị maka ịkụ mkpụrụ osisi, tufuo njedebe nke ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi, ma ghọta ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi. mechanized na kwa afọ mụ mmepụta nke seedling mmepụta. N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, a na-eji mkpụrụ osisi na-emepụta ihe ọkụkụ na-azụ ahịa nke akwụkwọ nri, akwụkwọ nri mkpụrụ osisi na ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ na-akụ akụ na Japan, South Korea, Europe na United States na mba ndị ọzọ. Ọnụ ego mbụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ihe ọkụkụ, ọnụ ahịa dị elu na-arụ ọrụ, na nnukwu usoro ike oriri ka bụ ihe mgbochi na-egbochi nkwalite nkà na ụzụ ịkụ mkpụrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị China. Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa iburu n'uche ihe achọrọ nke nnukwu mkpụrụ na ịzọpụta ike n'ihe gbasara atụmatụ njikwa ọkụ, ịmepụta ụdị ihe ọkụkụ na-eto eto, na akụrụngwa akpaaka iji meziwanye uru akụ na ụba.

N'isiokwu a, mmetụta nke Ikanam ìhè gburugburu ebe obibi na mmepe nke akwukwo nri seedlings na osisi mmepụta ihe na-adịbeghị anya na-enyocha, na-ele anya nke nnyocha ntụziaka nke ìhè ụkpụrụ nke akwukwo nri seedlings na osisi ụlọ mmepụta ihe.

1. Mmetụta nke gburugburu ọkụ na-eto eto na mmepe nke mkpụrụ osisi akwụkwọ nri

Dị ka otu n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa gburugburu ebe obibi maka uto na mmepe osisi, ọkụ abụghị nanị isi iyi ike maka osisi iji mepụta photosynthesis, kamakwa ihe mgbaàmà bụ isi na-emetụta photomorphogenesis osisi. Osisi na-ahụ ntụziaka, ike na ìhè àgwà nke mgbaàmà site na usoro mgbaàmà ọkụ, na-achịkwa uto na mmepe nke onwe ha, na-anabata ọnụnọ ma ọ bụ enweghị, ogologo ogologo, ike na ogologo oge nke ìhè. Ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ a maara ugbu a gụnyere ma ọ dịkarịa ala klas atọ: phytochromes (PHYA ~ PHYE) nke na-ahụ ọbara ọbara na ọkụ na-acha uhie uhie (FR), cryptochromes (CRY1 na CRY2) nke na-ahụ acha anụnụ anụnụ na ultraviolet A, na Elements (Phot1 na Phot2), na UV-B nnabata UVR8 na-aghọta UV-B. Ndị na-ahụ maka foto ndị a na-ekere òkè ma na-achịkwa ngosipụta nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa metụtara ya wee na-ahazi ọrụ ndụ dị ka mkpụrụ osisi germination, photomorphogenesis, oge ifuru, njikọ na mkpokọta metabolites nke abụọ, na nnabata nke biotic na nrụgide abiotic.

2. Mmetụta nke LED ìhè gburugburu ebe obibi na photomorphological oruru nke akwukwo nri seedlings

2.1 Mmetụta nke ogo ọkụ dị iche iche na Photomorphogenesis nke mkpụrụ osisi ahịhịa

Mpaghara uhie na acha anụnụ anụnụ nke ụdịdị dị iche iche nwere oke arụmọrụ nke mkpụrụ osisi photosynthesis. Otú ọ dị, ikpughe akwụkwọ kukumba ogologo oge n'ìhè na-acha uhie uhie ga-emebi usoro foto, na-ebute ọdịdị nke "ọrịa ọkụ na-acha uhie uhie" dị ka nzaghachi stomatal stunted, mbelata ikike photosynthetic na nitrogen iji arụmọrụ, na nkwụsị uto. N'okpuru ọnọdụ nke obere ọkụ ọkụ (100 ± 5 μmol / (m2 • s)), ọkụ na-acha uhie uhie dị ọcha nwere ike imebi chloroplasts nke akwụkwọ kukumba na-eto eto na nke tozuru okè, ma chloroplasts mebiri emebi enwetara mgbe ọ gbanwere site na ìhè uhie dị ọcha. na-acha uhie uhie na-acha anụnụ anụnụ (R:B= 7:3). N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, mgbe osisi kukumba gbanwere site na gburugburu ebe ọkụ na-acha uhie uhie na-acha anụnụ anụnụ gaa na gburugburu ebe ọkụ na-acha ọbara ọbara dị ọcha, arụmọrụ fotoynthetic ebelataghị nke ọma, na-egosi ngbanwe na gburugburu ebe ọkụ na-acha uhie uhie. Site na nyocha microscope eletrọn nke usoro akwukwo kukumba nwere “ọrịa ọkụ na-acha ọbara ọbara”, ndị nyocha ahụ chọpụtara na ọnụ ọgụgụ chloroplasts, nha starch granules, na ọkpụrụkpụ grana dị n'ime akwụkwọ n'okpuru ọkụ na-acha ọbara ọbara dị obere karịa ndị nọ n'okpuru. ọgwụgwọ ọkụ ọcha. Ntinye aka nke ọkụ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-eme ka ọdịdị ultrastructure na fotoynthetic nke kukumba chloroplasts dịkwuo mma ma na-ewepụ oke nchịkọta nri. Tụnyere na-acha ọcha ìhè na-acha uhie uhie na-acha anụnụ anụnụ ìhè, dị ọcha red ìhè kwalite hypocotyl elongation na cotyledon mgbasa nke tomato seedlings, budata ụba osisi elu na akwukwo ebe, ma budata ibelata photosynthetic ikike, belata Rubisco ọdịnaya na photochemical arụmọrụ, na budata ụba okpomọkụ dissipation. Enwere ike ịhụ na ụdị osisi dị iche iche na-emeghachi omume dị iche iche na otu ọkụ ọkụ, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ìhè monochromatic, osisi nwere ọrụ photosynthesis dị elu ma na-etowanye ike na gburugburu ebe ọkụ.

Ndị na-eme nchọpụta emewo ọtụtụ nyocha na njikarịcha nke ìhè àgwà nke mkpụrụ osisi. N'okpuru otu ọkụ ọkụ ahụ, na mmụba nke oke ọkụ na-acha uhie uhie, osisi ahụ dị elu na ịdị arọ ọhụrụ nke tomato na kukumba seedlings na-emeziwanye nke ọma, na ọgwụgwọ na-acha uhie uhie na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nke 3: 1 nwere mmetụta kachasị mma; N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, a elu ruru nke-acha anụnụ anụnụ ìhè Ọ inhibited uto nke tomato na kukumba seedlings, nke dị mkpụmkpụ na kọmpat, ma ụba ọdịnaya nke akọrọ okwu na chlorophyll na Ome nke seedlings. A na-ahụ ụkpụrụ ndị yiri ya na ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ, dị ka ose na anyụ. Na mgbakwunye, atụnyere na-acha ọcha ìhè, acha ọbara ọbara na-acha anụnụ anụnụ ìhè (R: B = 3: 1) ọ bụghị nanị na budata mma akwukwo ọkpụrụkpụ, chlorophyll ọdịnaya, photosynthetic arụmọrụ na electron nnyefe arụmọrụ nke tomato seedlings, kamakwa okwu etoju nke enzymes metụtara. na okirikiri Calvin, ọdịnaya onye anaghị eri anụ na-eto eto na mkpokọta carbohydrate ka emekwara nke ọma. N'iji atụnyere oke abụọ nke ọkụ na-acha uhie uhie na-acha anụnụ anụnụ (R: B=2:1, 4:1), oke dị elu nke ìhè na-acha anụnụ anụnụ bụ ihe na-enyere aka ịmepụta ifuru nwanyị na kukumba seedlings ma mee ka oge okooko osisi nke nwanyị dịkwuo elu. . Ọ bụ ezie na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị iche iche nke uhie na-acha anụnụ anụnụ enweghị mmetụta dị ịrịba ama na mkpụrụ osisi kale, arugula na mọstad, oke ọkụ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ (30% blue light) belatara ogologo hypocotyl na cotyledon nke kale. na mkpụrụ osisi mọstad, ebe agba cotyledon na-abawanye. Ya mere, na mmepụta nke seedlings, n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị na-abawanye na nkezi nke-acha anụnụ anụnụ ìhè nwere ike budata ebelata oghere oghere na akwukwo ebe nke akwukwo nri seedlings, na-akwalite mpụta ndọtị nke seedlings, na melite seedling ike index, nke na-enyere aka. na-azụlite osisi siri ike. N'okpuru ọnọdụ na ìhè ike nọgidere na-agbanweghị agbanwe, na-abawanye nke green ìhè na-acha uhie uhie na-acha anụnụ anụnụ ìhè budata mma ọhụrụ arọ, akwukwo ebe na osisi elu ụtọ ose seedlings. E jiri ya tụnyere oriọna na-acha ọcha nke ọdịnala, n'okpuru ọnọdụ ọkụ na-acha uhie uhie-acha akwụkwọ ndụ (R3: G2: B5), Y[II], qP na ETR nke mkpụrụ osisi 'Okagi No. 1 tomato' ka mma nke ukwuu. Mgbakwunye nke ọkụ UV (100 μmol / (m2•s) ìhè na-acha anụnụ anụnụ + 7% UV-A) na ìhè anụnụ anụnụ dị ọcha belatara ọsọ ọsọ nke arugula na mọstad, ebe mgbakwunye nke FR bụ ihe dị iche. Nke a na-egosikwa na na mgbakwunye na ọkụ na-acha uhie uhie na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, àgwà ọkụ ndị ọzọ na-ekerekwa òkè dị mkpa n'usoro ihe ọkụkụ na mmepe. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị ultraviolet ìhè ma ọ bụ FR bụ isi iyi nke photosynthesis, ha abụọ na-etinye aka na photomorphogenesis osisi. Igwe ọkụ UV dị elu na-emerụ ihe ọkụkụ DNA na protein, wdg Otú ọ dị, ọkụ UV na-eme ka nzaghachi nrụgide cellular na-eme ka mgbanwe na-eto eto na-eto eto, morphology na mmepe iji gbanwee mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi. Nnyocha egosiwo na R / FR dị ala na-ebute nzaghachi na-ezere ndò na osisi, na-ebute mgbanwe ọdịdị ọdịdị na osisi, dị ka elongation stem, mbelata akwụkwọ, na mbelata ihe ọkụkụ. Osisi dị gịrịgịrị abụghị àgwà dị mma maka itolite osisi siri ike. N'ihi na n'ozuzu leafy na mkpụrụ osisi akwukwo nri seedlings, siri ike, kọmpat na na-agbanwe seedlings adịghị enwe nsogbu n'oge njem na akuku.

UV-A nwere ike ime ka kukumba seedling osisi mkpumkpu na ọzọ kọmpat, na mkpụrụ mgbe transplanting bụ budata dị iche iche na nke akara; ebe UV-B nwere mmetụta mgbochi dị ịrịba ama karị, na mmetụta mbelata mkpụrụ mgbe transplanting adịghị mkpa. Nnyocha ndị gara aga na-atụ aro na UV-A na-egbochi uto osisi ma na-eme ka ihe ọkụkụ dị nro. Mana enwere ihe akaebe na-eto eto na ọnụnọ UV-A, kama igbochi ihe ọkụkụ biomass, na-akwalite ya n'ezie. E jiri ya tụnyere isi ọkụ na-acha uhie uhie na nke ọcha (R: W = 2: 3, PPFD bụ 250 μmol / (m2·s)), ike mgbakwunye na ọkụ uhie na ọcha bụ 10 W / m2 (ihe dị ka 10 μmol / (m2 ·) s)) UV-A nke kale na-abawanye ụbara biomass, ogologo internode, dayameta stem na obosara nke osisi kale nke mkpụrụ osisi kale, mana mmetụta nkwalite ahụ kwụsịrị mgbe ike UV gafere 10 W/m2. Kwa ụbọchị 2 h UV-A supplementation (0.45 J/(m2•s)) nwere ike ịbawanye elu osisi, mpaghara cotyledon na ibu ọhụrụ nke 'Oxheart' tomato seedlings, na-ebelata ọdịnaya H2O2 nke mkpụrụ tomato. Enwere ike ịhụ na ihe ọkụkụ dị iche iche na-emeghachi omume n'ụzọ dị iche na ìhè UV, nke nwere ike jikọta ya na mmetụta nke ihe ọkụkụ na ìhè UV.

Maka ịkụ mkpụrụ osisi ndị a nyadoro anya, ekwesịrị ịgbatị ogologo ogologo ya nke ọma iji kwado grafting rootstock. Ike dị iche iche nke FR nwere mmetụta dị iche iche na uto tomato, ose, kukumba, gourd na anyụ osisi. Mgbakwunye nke 18.9 μmol / (m2 • s) nke FR na ọkụ na-acha ọcha oyi na-abawanye ụbara ogologo hypocotyl na dayameta nke tomato na ose seedlings; FR nke 34.1 μmol / (m2 • s) nwere mmetụta kachasị mma n'ịkwalite ogologo hypocotyl na dayameta nke kukumba, gourd na watermelon seedlings; nnukwu ike FR (53.4 μmol / (m2•s)) nwere mmetụta kachasị mma na akwụkwọ nri ise a. Ogologo hypocotyl na dayameta nke mkpụrụ osisi anaghịzi abawanye nke ukwuu, wee malite igosipụta ọnọdụ ala. Ibu dị ọhụrụ nke mkpụrụ osisi ose belatara nke ukwuu, na-egosi na ụkpụrụ saturation FR nke mkpụrụ osisi inine ise niile dị ala karịa 53.4 μmol/(m2•s), na uru FR dị obere karịa nke FR. Mmetụta na uto nke mkpụrụ osisi inine dị iche iche dịkwa iche.

2.2 Mmetụta nke Integral dị iche iche nke ìhè ụbọchị na Photomorphogenesis nke mkpụrụ osisi ahịhịa.

The Daylight Integral (DLI) na-anọchi anya ọnụ ọgụgụ nke photosynthetic photons nwetara site n'elu osisi na otu ụbọchị, nke metụtara ìhè ike na oge ìhè. Usoro mgbako bụ DLI (mol / m2 / ụbọchị) = ọkụ ọkụ [μmol / (m2 • s)] × oge ọkụ kwa ụbọchị (h) × 3600 × 10-6. Na gburugburu ebe nwere obere ọkụ ọkụ, osisi na-anabata gburugburu ọkụ dị ala site na ịgbatị azuokokoosisi na ogologo internode, na-abawanye elu osisi, ogologo petiole na ebe akwukwo, na ibelata ọkpụrụkpụ akwukwo na net photosynthetic ọnụego. Site na mmụba nke ọkụ ọkụ, ewezuga mọstad, ogologo hypocotyl na steepụ elongation nke arugula, kabeeji na kale seedlings n'okpuru otu ìhè ahụ belatara nke ukwuu. Enwere ike ịhụ na mmetụta nke ìhè na-eto eto na morphogenesis metụtara ọkụ ọkụ na ụdị osisi. Site na mmụba nke DLI (8.64 ~ 28.8 mol / m2 / ụbọchị), ụdị osisi cucumber dị mkpụmkpụ, siri ike na kọmpat, na ịdị arọ nke akwụkwọ na chlorophyll ji nwayọọ nwayọọ belata. 6-16 ụbọchị mgbe agha kukumba seedlings, epupụta na mgbọrọgwụ akpọnwụwo. Ibu arọ nke nta nke nta na-abawanye, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke uto na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-abawanye, ma ụbọchị 16 ruo 21 mgbe ịgha mkpụrụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke akwụkwọ na mgbọrọgwụ kukumba na-ebelata nke ukwuu. DLI emelitere kwalitere ọnụọgụ foto synthetic net nke kukumba, mana mgbe uru ụfọdụ gasịrị, ọnụego foto synthetic net malitere ibelata. Ya mere, ịhọrọ DLI kwesịrị ekwesị na ịnakwere usoro ọkụ mgbakwunye dị iche iche n'oge uto dị iche iche nke mkpụrụ osisi nwere ike ibelata oriri ike. Ọdịnaya nke shuga soluble na SOD enzyme na kukumba na tomato seedlings mụbara na mmụba nke ike DLI. Mgbe ike DLI mụbara site na 7.47 mol / m2 / ụbọchị ruo 11.26 mol / m2 / ụbọchị, ọdịnaya nke sugar soluble na SOD enzyme na kukumba seedlings mụbara site na 81.03%, na 55.5% n'otu n'otu. N'okpuru otu ọnọdụ DLI, na mmụba nke ọkụ ọkụ na mbelata oge ọkụ, a na-egbochi ọrụ PSII nke tomato na kukumba seedlings, na ịhọrọ usoro ọkụ mgbakwunye nke obere ọkụ ọkụ na ogologo oge na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma ịzụlite nnukwu seedling. index na photochemical arụmọrụ nke kukumba na tomato seedlings.

N'ime mmepụta nke mkpụrụ osisi a na-adọdo, ebe ọkụ dị ala nwere ike ibute mbelata ogo nke mkpụrụ osisi a na-adọdo na mmụba na oge ọgwụgwọ. Kwesịrị ekwesị ìhè ike nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị welie adịgide adịgide ike nke anyadokwa agwọ na saịtị ma melite index nke ike seedlings, ma belata ọnụ ọnọdụ nke nwanyi okooko osisi na-abawanye na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nwanyi okooko osisi. N'ụlọ ọrụ ihe ọkụkụ, DLI nke 2.5-7.5 mol / m2 / ụbọchị zuru ezu iji gboo mkpa ọgwụgwọ nke mkpụrụ osisi tomato anyadokwa. Mkpịsị ọnụ na ọkpụrụkpụ akwụkwọ nke mkpụrụ osisi tomato a nyadoro anya mụbara nke ukwuu site n'ịbawanye ike DLI. Nke a na-egosi na anyadokwa seedlings adịghị achọ elu ìhè ike maka ọgwụgwọ. Ya mere, n'iburu n'uche ike oriri na gburugburu ebe ọkụkụ, ịhọrọ ọkụ ọkụ kwesịrị ekwesị ga-enyere aka melite uru akụ na ụba.

3. Mmetụta nke ọkụ ọkụ gburugburu ebe obibi na nrụgide nrụgide nke mkpụrụ osisi akwukwo nri

Osisi na-enweta akara ọkụ dị n'èzí site na photoreceptors, na-eme ka njikọ na nchịkọta nke mkpụrụ ndụ mgbaàmà n'ime osisi ahụ, si otú ahụ gbanwee uto na ọrụ nke akụkụ ahụ osisi, na n'ikpeazụ na-eme ka ihe ọkụkụ na-eguzogide nrụgide. Dị iche iche ìhè àgwà nwere ụfọdụ nkwalite mmetụta na mma nke oyi ndidi na nnu ndidi nke seedlings. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe a na-agbakwunye mkpụrụ osisi tomato na ìhè maka awa 4 n'abalị, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọgwụgwọ na-enweghị mgbakwunye ọkụ, ìhè ọcha, ìhè na-acha uhie uhie, ìhè na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, na-acha uhie uhie na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nwere ike ibelata permeability electrolyte na ọdịnaya MDA nke tomato seedlings. ma melite ndidi oyi. Ọrụ nke SOD, POD na CAT na mkpụrụ osisi tomato n'okpuru ọgwụgwọ 8: 2 red-blue ratio dị elu karịa nke ọgwụgwọ ndị ọzọ, ha nwekwara ikike antioxidant dị elu na ndidi oyi.

Mmetụta UV-B na uto mgbọrọgwụ soybean bụ tumadi iji melite nkwụsi ike nke osisi site n'ịbawanye ọdịnaya nke mgbọrọgwụ NO na ROS, gụnyere ihe ndị na-egosi hormone dị ka ABA, SA, na JA, na igbochi mmepe mgbọrọgwụ site na ibelata ọdịnaya nke IAA. , CTK, na GA. Onye na-ahụ maka foto nke UV-B, UVR8, ọ bụghị nanị na-etinye aka na nhazi photomorphogenesis, ma na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa na nrụgide UV-B. N'ime mkpụrụ osisi tomato, UVR8 na-emezi njikọ na nchịkọta nke anthocyanins, na UV-acclimated tomato seedlings na-eme ka ikike ha nwee ịnagide nrụgide UV-B dị elu. Otú ọ dị, mmegharị nke UV-B na nrụgide ụkọ mmiri ozuzo nke Arabidopsis na-akpata adịghị adabere na ụzọ UVR8, nke na-egosi na UV-B na-eme dị ka ihe mgbaàmà na-ebute nzaghachi nke usoro nchebe osisi, nke mere na ọtụtụ hormones jikọtara ọnụ. na-etinye aka n'iguzogide nrụgide ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, na-abawanye ikike nke ROS.

Ma elongation nke osisi hypocotyl ma ọ bụ azuokokoosisi nke FR kpatara na mmegharị nke osisi na nrụgide oyi na-achịkwa site na homonụ osisi. Ya mere, "mmetụta na-ezere ndò" nke FR kpatara metụtara mgbanwe oyi nke osisi. Ndị nyocha ahụ gbakwunyere mkpụrụ ọka bali ahụ ụbọchị 18 ka germination gachara na 15 Celsius C maka ụbọchị 10, jụrụ oyi ruo 5°C + na-agbakwunye FR maka ụbọchị 7, wee chọpụta na atụnyere ọgwụgwọ ọkụ ọcha, FR kwalitere ntu oyi nke mkpụrụ ọka bali. Usoro a na-esonyere ụbara ọdịnaya ABA na IAA na mkpụrụ ọka bali. Mbufe nke 15°C FR-pretreated barley seedlings na 5°C ma na-aga n'ihu FR supplementation maka ụbọchị 7 rụpụtara nsonaazụ yiri nke ahụ na ọgwụgwọ abụọ a dị n'elu, mana na nzaghachi ABA belatara. Osisi nwere ụkpụrụ R: FR dị iche iche na-achịkwa biosynthesis nke phytohormones (GA, IAA, CTK, na ABA), nke na-etinyekwa aka na nnabata nnu. N'okpuru nrụgide nnu, oke ọkụ R: FR dị ala nwere ike imeziwanye ikike antioxidant na fotoynthetic nke mkpụrụ osisi tomato, belata mmepụta ROS na MDA n'ime mkpụrụ osisi, ma melite nnabata nnu. Ma nrụgide salinity na obere R: FR uru (R: FR = 0.8) gbochiri biosynthesis nke chlorophyll, nke nwere ike jikọta na ntụgharị egbochiri nke PBG na UroIII na ụzọ njikọ chlorophyll, ebe obere R: FR gburugburu nwere ike ibelata nke ọma. salinity na-akpata nhụsianya nke njikọ chlorophyll. Nsonaazụ ndị a na-egosi njikọ dị mkpa n'etiti phytochromes na nnabata nnu.

Na mgbakwunye na gburugburu ọkụ, ihe ndị ọzọ na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na-emetụta uto na àgwà nke mkpụrụ osisi. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmụba nke ntinye uche CO2 ga-abawanye uru saturation ọkụ kachasị Pn (Pnmax), belata ebe nkwụghachi ọkụ, ma melite arụmọrụ ojiji ọkụ. Mmụba nke ìhè ike na CO2 itinye uche na-enyere aka melite ọdịnaya nke photosynthetic pigments, mmiri na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na ọrụ nke enzymes metụtara Calvin okirikiri, na n'ikpeazụ nweta elu photosynthetic arụmọrụ na biomass mkpokọta tomato seedlings. Akọrọ akọrọ na mkpirisi nke tomato na ose osisi na-ejikọta ya na DLI nke ọma, na mgbanwe nke okpomọkụ na-emetụtakwa uto n'okpuru otu ọgwụgwọ DLI. Gburugburu ebe 23 ~ 25 ℃ dabara adaba maka uto nke mkpụrụ osisi tomato. Dị ka ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na ìhè si dị, ndị nchọpụta ahụ mepụtara usoro iji buo amụma uto uto nke ose dabere na ụdị nkesa bate, nke nwere ike inye nduzi sayensị maka ụkpụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke mmepụta mkpụrụ osisi ose.

Ya mere, mgbe ị na-emepụta atụmatụ nhazi ọkụ na mmepụta, ọ bụghị naanị ihe gbasara gburugburu ọkụ na ụdị ihe ọkụkụ kwesịrị ka a tụlee, kamakwa ihe ọkụkụ na ihe nchịkwa dị ka ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ na nlekọta mmiri, gburugburu gas, okpomọkụ, na ogbo uto seedling.

4. Nsogbu na Outlook

Nke mbụ, ụkpụrụ ọkụ nke mkpụrụ osisi akwukwo nri bụ usoro ọkaibe, yana mmetụta nke ọnọdụ ọkụ dị iche iche na ụdị mkpụrụ osisi dị iche iche na gburugburu ebe obibi ihe ọkụkụ dị mkpa ka enyocha ya nke ọma. Nke a pụtara na iji nweta ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke mmepụta mkpụrụ osisi dị elu na nke dị elu, a na-achọ nyocha na-aga n'ihu iji guzobe usoro teknụzụ tozuru okè.

Nke abuo, n'agbanyeghị na ike itinye n'ọrụ ọnụego nke ikanam ìhè bụ dịtụ elu, ike oriri maka osisi ọkụ bụ isi ike oriri maka cultivation nke seedlings iji wuru ọkụ. Nnukwu ike oriri nke ụlọ ọrụ ihe ọkụkụ ka bụ ihe mgbochi na-egbochi mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ ihe ọkụkụ.

N'ikpeazụ, na ngwa ngwa nke ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ ugbo, a na-atụ anya na ọnụ ahịa ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ LED ga-ebelata nke ukwuu n'ọdịnihu; N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, mmụba nke ụgwọ ọrụ, karịsịa n'oge ọrịa na-efe efe, enweghị ọrụ ga-akwalite usoro nke mechanization na akpaaka nke mmepụta. N'ọdịnihu, artificial ọgụgụ isi dabeere ụdị akara na nwere ọgụgụ isi mmepụta ngwá ga-abụ otu n'ime isi teknụzụ maka akwukwo nri seedling mmepụta, na ga-anọgide na-akwalite mmepe nke osisi factory seedling technology.

Ndị edemede: Jiehui Tan, Houcheng Liu
Isi mmalite edemede: Akaụntụ Wechat nke Teknụzụ Injinia Agricultural (horticulture greenhouse)