Teknụzụ injinia ọrụ ugbo nke ubi griin ha bipụtara na Beijing na 17:30 na Jenụwarị 13, 2023.

Ntinye nke ọtụtụ ihe na-edozi ahụ bụ usoro nwere njikọ chiri anya na ọrụ metabolic nke mgbọrọgwụ osisi.Usoro ndị a na-achọ ike nke sitere na iku ume mgbọrọgwụ mgbọrọgwụ, na mmiri na-achịkwa mmiri mmiri site na okpomọkụ na iku ume, na iku ume na-achọ ntinye nke oxygen, ya mere oxygen na mgbọrọgwụ gburugburu nwere mmetụta dị mkpa na uto nkịtị nke ihe ọkụkụ.Ọdịnaya oxygen gbazere na mmiri na-emetụta okpomọkụ na salinity, na nhazi nke mkpụrụ na-ekpebi ọdịnaya ikuku na gburugburu mgbọrọgwụ.Ịgba mmiri nwere nnukwu ọdịiche na mmeghari ohuru na mgbakwunye oxygen na ihe ndị nwere mmiri dị iche iche na-ekwu.Enwere ọtụtụ ihe iji kwalite ọdịnaya oxygen na gburugburu mgbọrọgwụ, mana ogo mmetụta nke ihe ọ bụla dị nnọọ iche.Idobe ike mmiri nwere ezi uche (ọdịnaya ikuku) bụ ntọala nke idowe ọdịnaya oxygen dị elu na gburugburu mgbọrọgwụ.

Mmetụta okpomọkụ na salinity dị n'ime ikuku oxygen jupụtara na ngwọta

Ọdịnaya oxygen gbazere n'ime mmiri

A na-agbaze ikuku oxygen gbazere na ikuku oxygen na-agbaze ma ọ bụ n'efu n'ime mmiri, na ọdịnaya nke ikuku oxygen gbazere na mmiri ga-eru nke kachasị na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ, nke bụ ikuku oxygen jupụtara.Ọdịnaya ikuku oxygen juru na mmiri na-agbanwe na okpomọkụ, na mgbe okpomọkụ na-abawanye, ikuku oxygen na-ebelata.Ọdịnaya oxygen juru eju nke mmiri doro anya dị elu karịa nke mmiri mmiri nwere nnu (Nyocha1), ya mere ikuku oxygen juru eju nke ihe ngwọta na-edozi ahụ na ntinye uche dị iche iche ga-adị iche.

Ụgbọ njem oxygen na matrix

Oxygen nke griin haus nwere ike nweta site na ihe ngwọta na-edozi ahụ ga-adịrịrị na ọnọdụ efu, a na-ebufe oxygen na mkpụrụ site na ikuku na mmiri na mmiri gburugburu mgbọrọgwụ.Mgbe ọ dị nhata na ikuku oxygen dị na ikuku na okpomọkụ a na-enye, ikuku oxygen na-agbaze n'ime mmiri na-erute nke kachasị elu, na mgbanwe nke ikuku oxygen na ikuku ga-eme ka mgbanwe nke ikuku oxygen dị na mmiri.

Mmetụta nke nrụgide hypoxia na gburugburu mgbọrọgwụ na ihe ọkụkụ

Ihe na-akpata hypoxia mgbọrọgwụ

Enwere ọtụtụ ihe kpatara ihe ize ndụ nke hypoxia na hydroponics na sistemu mkpụrụ osisi ji dị elu n'oge ọkọchị.Nke mbụ, ikuku oxygen jupụtara na mmiri ga-ebelata ka okpomọkụ na-ebili.Nke abuo, ikuku oxygen chọrọ iji nọgide na-eto eto na-abawanye na mmụba nke okpomọkụ.Ọzọkwa, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ dị elu n'oge okpomọkụ, ya mere ọchịchọ nke ikuku oxygen maka ịmịnye ihe oriri dị elu.Ọ na-eduga na mbelata nke ọdịnaya oxygen na gburugburu mgbọrọgwụ na enweghị mgbakwunye dị irè, nke na-eduga na hypoxia na gburugburu mgbọrọgwụ.

Absorption na uto

Mmụba nke ọtụtụ ihe ndị dị mkpa na-edozi ahụ na-adabere na usoro ndị nwere njikọ chiri anya na mgbọrọgwụ metabolism, nke na-achọ ume sitere na iku ume mgbọrọgwụ, ya bụ, mwepu nke ngwaahịa photosynthetic n'ihu ikuku oxygen.Nnyocha e mere egosiwo na 10% ~ 20% nke mkpokọta assimilates nke osisi tomato na-eji mgbọrọgwụ, 50% nke a na-eji ion ion na-edozi ahụ, 40% maka uto na naanị 10% maka nlekọta.Mgbọrọgwụ ga-achọta oxygen na gburugburu ebe ha na-ahapụ CO₂.N'okpuru ọnọdụ anaerobic kpatara site na ikuku ventilashị na-adịghị mma na substrates na hydroponics, hypoxia ga-emetụta nnabata nke mmiri na nri.Hypoxia nwere nzaghachi ngwa ngwa na nnabata nke nri na-arụ ọrụ, ya bụ nitrate (NO₃^-potassium (K) na phosphate (PO₄^3-), nke ga-egbochi nnabata nke calcium (Ca) na magnesium (Mg).

Mkpụrụ osisi na-eto eto chọrọ ume, ọrụ mgbọrọgwụ kwesịrị ịdị ntakịrị oxygen, yana ntinye oxygen dị n'okpuru uru COP na-aghọ ihe na-egbochi metabolism cell (hypoxia).Mgbe ọkwa oxygen dị ala, uto na-ebelata ma ọ bụ ọbụna kwụsị.Ọ bụrụ na hypoxia akụkụ akụkụ nke mgbọrọgwụ na-emetụta naanị alaka na akwụkwọ, usoro mgbọrọgwụ nwere ike kwụọ ụgwọ maka akụkụ nke usoro mgbọrọgwụ nke na-adịghịzi arụ ọrụ n'ihi ihe ụfọdụ site na ịba ụba nke mpaghara.

Usoro metabolic nke osisi na-adabere na oxygen dị ka onye na-anabata electron.Enweghị oxygen, mmepụta ATP ga-akwụsị.Enweghị ATP, mpụta protons sitere na mgbọrọgwụ ga-akwụsị, sap cell nke mgbọrọgwụ ga-aghọ acidic, mkpụrụ ndụ ndị a ga-anwụkwa n'ime awa ole na ole.Hypoxia nwa oge na nke dị mkpụmkpụ agaghị ebute nrụgide nri na-enweghị ike ịgbanwe na osisi.N'ihi usoro "nitrate respiration", ọ nwere ike ịbụ ngbanwe dị mkpirikpi iji nagide hypoxia dịka ụzọ ọzọ n'oge hypoxia mgbọrọgwụ.Otú ọ dị, hypoxia na-adịte aka ga-eduga n'ịdị nwayọọ na-eto eto, ebe akwụkwọ na-ebelata ma na-ebelata ịdị arọ ọhụrụ na nke akọrọ, nke ga-eduga n'ịbelata dị ukwuu nke mkpụrụ osisi.

Ethylene

Osisi ga-etolite ethylene na ọnọdụ n'okpuru oke nrụgide.Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-ewepụ ethylene na mgbọrọgwụ site na ịgbasa n'ime ikuku ala.Mgbe mmiri mmiri na-eme, nhazi nke ethylene agaghị amụba ọ bụghị nanị na ọ ga-ebelata nke ukwuu n'ihi na mgbọrọgwụ gbara ya gburugburu.Mmụba nke mkpokọta ethylene ga-eduga n'ịmepụta anụ ahụ aeration na mgbọrọgwụ (Fig 2).Ethylene nwekwara ike ime ka mkpụrụ osisi senescence, na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ethylene na auxin ga-amụba guzobe adventitious mgbọrọgwụ.

Nchekasị ikuku oxygen na-eduga na mbelata uto akwukwo

A na-emepụta ABA na mgbọrọgwụ na akwụkwọ iji nagide nrụgide gburugburu ebe obibi dị iche iche.Na gburugburu mgbọrọgwụ, mmeghachi omume nke nrụgide na-emekarị bụ mmechi stomatal, nke gụnyere nhazi nke ABA.Tupu emechi stomata, elu nke osisi ahụ na-efunahụ ọzịza nrịbama, akwụkwọ ndị dị n'elu ga-ada, na arụmọrụ photosynthetic nwekwara ike ibelata.Ọtụtụ nchọpụta egosila na stomata na-anabata mmụba nke ABA itinye uche na apoplast site na imechi, ya bụ, mkpokọta ABA dị na akwụkwọ na-abụghị akwụkwọ site na ịhapụ ABA intracellular, osisi nwere ike ime ka ntinye nke apoplast ABA dịkwuo ngwa ngwa.Mgbe osisi nọ n'okpuru nrụgide gburugburu ebe obibi, ha na-amalite ịhapụ ABA na sel, na mgbanaka ntọhapụ mgbọrọgwụ nwere ike ibunye na nkeji kama awa.Mmụba nke ABA na anụ ahụ akwụkwọ nwere ike ibelata elongation nke mgbidi cell ma bute mbelata elongation akwukwo.Mmetụta ọzọ nke hypoxia bụ na ndụ ndụ nke akwụkwọ na-ebelata, nke ga-emetụta akwụkwọ niile.Hypoxia na-ebutekarị mbelata nke cytokinin na njem nitrate.Enweghị nitrogen ma ọ bụ cytokinin ga-ebelata oge nlekọta nke akwukwo ma kwụsị uto nke alaka na akwụkwọ n'ime ụbọchị ole na ole.

Na-eme ka ikuku oxygen dịkwuo elu nke sistemu mgbọrọgwụ

Njirimara nke mkpụrụ bụ ihe dị mkpa maka ikesa mmiri na oxygen.The oxygen ịta na mgbọrọgwụ gburugburu nke griin haus inine bụ tumadi metụtara mmiri na-ejide ikike nke mkpụrụ, ogbugba mmiri n'ubi (nha na ugboro), mkpụrụ Ọdịdị na mkpụrụ warara okpomọkụ.Naanị mgbe ikuku oxygen dị na gburugburu mgbọrọgwụ dịkarịa ala karịa 10% (4 ~ 5mg / L) nwere ike ịnọgide na-arụ ọrụ mgbọrọgwụ na steeti kacha mma.

Mgbọrọgwụ usoro ihe ọkụkụ dị ezigbo mkpa maka uto osisi na nguzogide ọrịa osisi.A ga-etinye mmiri na ihe oriri dị ka mkpa osisi si dị.Otú ọ dị, ikuku oxygen na mgbọrọgwụ gburugburu ebe obibi na-ekpebi n'ụzọ dị ukwuu absorption arụmọrụ nke nri na mmiri na àgwà nke mgbọrọgwụ usoro.Ọkwa oxygen zuru oke na gburugburu usoro mgbọrọgwụ nwere ike hụ na ahụike nke usoro mgbọrọgwụ, nke mere na osisi nwere ike iguzogide microorganisms pathogenic (Fig 3).Ọkwa oxygen zuru oke na mkpụrụ ahụ na-ebelatakwa ohere nke ọnọdụ anaerobic, si otú a na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ nke microorganisms pathogenic.

Oriri oxygen na gburugburu mgbọrọgwụ

Oriri oxygen kachasị nke ihe ọkụkụ nwere ike ịdị elu dị ka 40mg / m2 / h (eriri dabere na ihe ọkụkụ).Dabere na okpomọkụ, mmiri ogbugba mmiri n'ubi nwere ike ịnwe ihe ruru 7 ~ 8mg / L nke oxygen (Fig 4).Iji ruo 40 mg, a ga-enye 5L mmiri kwa awa iji gboo mkpa oxygen, mana n'eziokwu, a gaghị erute mmiri mmiri n'otu ụbọchị.Nke a pụtara na ikuku oxygen na-enye site na ịgba mmiri na-arụ naanị obere ọrụ.Ọtụtụ n'ime ikuku oxygen na-erute mpaghara mgbọrọgwụ site na pores na matrix, na ntinye nke ikuku oxygen site na pores dị elu dị ka 90%, dabere na oge nke ụbọchị.Mgbe evaporation nke osisi ruru ihe kachasị, ọnụọgụ mmiri na-erukwa na nke kachasị, nke bụ 1 ~ 1.5L / m2 / h.Ọ bụrụ na mmiri ogbugba mmiri n'ubi nwere 7mg / L oxygen, ọ ga-enye 7 ~ 11mg / m2 / h oxygen maka mpaghara mgbọrọgwụ.Nke a bụ 17% ~ 25% nke ihe achọrọ.N'ezie, nke a na-emetụta naanị ọnọdụ na ikuku ikuku oxygen-ogbenye nke dị na mkpụrụ ahụ na-eji mmiri mmiri ọhụrụ dochie ya.

Na mgbakwunye na oriri nke mgbọrọgwụ, microorganisms na mgbọrọgwụ gburugburu na-erikwa oxygen.O siri ike ịkọwa nke a n'ihi na ọ nweghị nha emere na nke a.Ebe ọ bụ na a na-edochi ihe ọhụrụ ọhụrụ kwa afọ, enwere ike iche na ụmụ nje na-ekere òkè dị nta na oriri oxygen.

Na-ebuli gburugburu ebe obibi okpomọkụ nke mgbọrọgwụ

Okpomọkụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke usoro mgbọrọgwụ dị ezigbo mkpa maka uto nkịtị na ọrụ nke usoro mgbọrọgwụ, ọ bụkwa ihe dị mkpa na-emetụta ntinye mmiri na nri site na usoro mgbọrọgwụ.

Okpomọkụ mkpụrụ osisi dị ala (okpomọkụ mgbọrọgwụ) nwere ike ibute ihe isi ike na nnabata mmiri.Na 5 ℃, absorption bụ 70% ~ 80% ala karịa na 20 ℃.Ọ bụrụ na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị ala na-esonyere ya na oke okpomọkụ, ọ ga-eduga na wilting osisi.O doro anya na ntinye ion na-adabere na okpomọkụ, nke na-egbochi ịmịnye ion na obere okpomọkụ, na mmetụta nke ihe dị iche iche na-edozi ahụ na okpomọkụ dị iche.

Okpomọkụ mkpụrụ osisi dị elu abaghị uru, ọ pụkwara iduga n'usoro mgbọrọgwụ buru ibu.N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, enwere nkesa na-enweghị isi nke ihe akọrọ na osisi.N'ihi na usoro mgbọrọgwụ buru ibu nke ukwuu, mfu ndị na-adịghị mkpa ga-eme site na iku ume, na akụkụ a nke ike furu efu nwere ike iji mee ihe maka akụkụ owuwe ihe ubi nke osisi ahụ.N'ebe okpomọkụ dị elu dị elu, ikuku oxygen na-agbaze na-adị ala, nke na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na ikuku oxygen na gburugburu mgbọrọgwụ karịa ikuku oxygen nke microorganisms na-eri.Mgbọrọgwụ usoro na-eri ọtụtụ oxygen, na ọbụna na-eduga hypoxia n'ihe banyere ogbenye mkpụrụ ma ọ bụ ala Ọdịdị, si otú ibelata absorption nke mmiri na ion.

Nọgide na-enwe ezi uche mmiri ike nke matriks.

Enwere mmekọrịta na-adịghị mma n'etiti ọdịnaya mmiri na pasent ọdịnaya oxygen na matriks.Mgbe ọdịnaya mmiri na-abawanye, ikuku oxygen na-ebelata, ma ọzọ.Enwere oke dị egwu n'etiti ọdịnaya mmiri na ikuku oxygen na matriks, ya bụ, 80% ~ 85% ọdịnaya mmiri (Fig 5).Ịkwado ọdịnaya mmiri ogologo oge karịa 85% na mkpụrụ ga-emetụta ikuku oxygen.Ọtụtụ n'ime ikuku oxygen (75% ~ 90%) sitere na pores na matriks.

Mgbakwunye nke ogbugba mmiri n'ubi na ọdịnaya oxygen na mkpụrụ

Ìhè anyanwụ ka ukwuu ga-eduga n'inwe ikuku oxygen dị elu na obere ikuku oxygen na mgbọrọgwụ (Nkeji 6), na shuga karịa ga-eme ka ikuku oxygen dịkwuo elu n'abalị.Ntugharị siri ike, mmịnye mmiri buru ibu, yana ikuku na ikuku oxygen dị na mkpụrụ.Enwere ike ịhụ site n'aka ekpe nke Figure 7 na ikuku oxygen dị na mkpụrụ ahụ ga-abawanye ntakịrị mgbe mmiri gbasasịrị n'okpuru ọnọdụ na ikike nke mmiri na-ejide mmiri dị elu na ikuku ikuku dị ala.Dị ka egosiri n'aka nri fig.7, n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke dịtụ mma ìhè, ikuku ọdịnaya na mkpụrụ na-abawanye n'ihi na ọtụtụ mmiri absorption (otu oge ogbugba mmiri n'ubi).Mmetụta mmetụta nke ogbugba mmiri n'ubi na ikuku oxygen dị na mkpụrụ ahụ dị obere karịa ikike ijide mmiri (ọdịnaya ikuku) na mkpụrụ.

Mkparịta ụka

N'ime mmepụta n'ezie, a na-eleghara ọdịnaya oxygen (ikuku) na gburugburu mgbọrọgwụ akuku anya ngwa ngwa, mana ọ bụ ihe dị mkpa iji hụ na uto nke ihe ọkụkụ na-eto eto na mmepe ahụike nke mgbọrọgwụ.

Iji nweta mkpụrụ kachasị elu n'oge mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ, ọ dị ezigbo mkpa iji chebe usoro mgbọrọgwụ na ọnọdụ kachasị mma dị ka o kwere mee.Nnyocha egosiwo na O₂Ọdịnaya dị na gburugburu sistemụ mgbọrọgwụ n'okpuru 4mg/L ga-enwe mmetụta na-adịghị mma na uto ihe ọkụkụ.Ihe O₂A na-emetụta ọdịnaya dị na gburugburu mgbọrọgwụ site na ogbugba mmiri n'ubi (ọnụọgụ ogbugba mmiri na ugboro ole), usoro mkpụrụ osisi, ọdịnaya mmiri mmiri, griin haus na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ, na usoro ihe ọkụkụ dị iche iche ga-adị iche.Algae na microorganisms nwekwara njikọ ụfọdụ na oxygen ọdịnaya na mgbọrọgwụ gburugburu nke hydroponic kụrụ.Hypoxia abụghị naanị na-akpata mmepe ngwa ngwa nke osisi, kamakwa ọ na-abawanye nrụgide nke nje pathogens (pythium, phytophthora, fusarium) na uto mgbọrọgwụ.

Atụmatụ ịgba mmiri nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na O₂ọdịnaya dị na mkpụrụ, ọ bụkwa ụzọ a na-achịkwa karịa na usoro ihe ọkụkụ.Ụfọdụ ọmụmụ ihe ọkụkụ rose achọpụtala na iji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-abawanye ọdịnaya mmiri na mkpụrụ (n'ụtụtụ) nwere ike nweta ọnọdụ ikuku oxygen ka mma.N'ime mkpụrụ nke nwere ike ijide mmiri dị ala, mkpụrụ ahụ nwere ike ịnọgide na-enwe ikuku oxygen dị elu, ma n'otu oge ahụ, ọ dị mkpa iji zere ọdịiche dị n'ime mmiri dị n'etiti ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe site na mmiri mmiri dị elu na oge dị mkpirikpi.N'ịbụ nke dị ala na-ejide ike mmiri nke ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe, ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti ihe ndị ahụ dị.Mkpụrụ mmiri mmiri, obere oge ịgba mmiri na ogologo oge na-eme ka ọnọdụ ikuku dịkwuo mma na ọnọdụ ikuku oxygen dị mma.

Mwepu nke mkpụrụ ahụ bụ ihe ọzọ na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na ọnụego mmeghari ohuru na gradient oxygen na mkpụrụ, dabere n'ụdị na ike ijide mmiri nke mkpụrụ.Mmiri mmiri mmiri ekwesịghị ịnọ na ala nke mkpụrụ osisi ahụ ogologo oge, mana a ga-ahapụ ya ngwa ngwa ka mmiri mmiri mmiri na-eme ka ikuku oxygen nwee ike iru ala ọzọ.Enwere ike imetụta ọsọ nke drainage site na ụfọdụ usoro dị mfe, dị ka gradient nke mkpụrụ n'akụkụ ogologo na obosara.Ka gradient na-abawanye, ka ọ na-agba ọsọ ọsọ ọsọ.Mkpụrụ dị iche iche nwere oghere dị iche iche na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke oghere dịkwa iche.

N'ikpeazụ

[ihe ndekọ]

Xie Yuanpei.Mmetụta nke ọdịnaya oxygen gburugburu ebe obibi na mgbọrọgwụ ihe ọkụkụ griin ha na uto ihe ọkụkụ [J].Teknụzụ Injinia Agricultural, 2022,42 (31): 21-24.