Teknụzụ injinia horticultural agricultural engineeringEbipụtara na 17: 30 na Ọktoba 14, 2022 na Beijing

Site na mmụba na-aga n'ihu nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ zuru ụwa ọnụ, agụụ ndị mmadụ na-achọ nri na-abawanye kwa ụbọchị, a na-atụkwa anya ihe ndị dị elu maka nri nri na nchekwa.Ịzụlite ihe ọkụkụ dị elu na nke dị elu bụ ụzọ dị mkpa isi dozie nsogbu nri.Otú ọ dị, usoro ọmụmụ omenala na-ewe ogologo oge iji zụlite ụdị dị mma, nke na-egbochi ọganihu nke ịzụlite.Maka ihe ọkụkụ na-emetọ onwe ya kwa afọ, ọ nwere ike were afọ 10 ~ 15 site na nne na nna mbụ na-agafe na mmepụta nke ụdị ọhụrụ.Ya mere, iji mee ka ọganihu nke ịzụlite ihe ọkụkụ dị ngwa ngwa, ọ dị ngwa ngwa iji melite arụmọrụ ozuzu ma belata oge ọgbọ.

Ịzụlite ngwa ngwa pụtara ịbawanye ụba nke ihe ọkụkụ, mee ka okooko osisi na mkpụrụ osisi dị ngwa ngwa, na belata usoro ọmụmụ site na ịchịkwa ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi n'ime ụlọ uto gburugburu ebe obibi mechiri emechi nke ọma.Ụlọ ọrụ ihe ọkụkụ bụ usoro ọrụ ugbo nke nwere ike nweta mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ dị elu site na njikwa gburugburu ebe obibi dị elu na ụlọ ọrụ, ọ bụkwa ebe dị mma maka ịzụlite ngwa ngwa.Ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe ihe ọkụkụ dị ka ọkụ, okpomọkụ, iru mmiri na CO2 itinye uche na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe bụ nke a na-achịkwa nke ọma, na ihu igwe na-adịghị emetụta ma ọ bụ na-erughị ala.N'okpuru ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi a na-achịkwa, ọkụ ọkụ kachasị mma, oge ọkụ na okpomọkụ nwere ike mee ka usoro ihe ọkụkụ dị iche iche dịkwuo elu, karịsịa photosynthesis na okooko osisi, si otú a na-ebelata oge ọgbọ nke ihe ọkụkụ.Iji teknụzụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-achịkwa uto na mmepe ihe ọkụkụ, iweta mkpụrụ osisi tupu oge eruo, ma ọ bụrụhaala na mkpụrụ ole na ole nwere ikike germination nwere ike gboo mkpa ọmụmụ.

Photoperiod, bụ isi ihe na-akpata gburugburu ebe obibi na-emetụta okirikiri uto ihe ọkụkụ

okirikiri ọkụ na-ezo aka ngbanwe nke oge ìhè na oge ọchịchịrị n'otu ụbọchị.Oghere ọkụ bụ ihe dị mkpa na-emetụta uto, mmepe, okooko na mkpụrụ nke ihe ọkụkụ.Site n'ịchọpụta mgbanwe nke okirikiri ọkụ, ihe ọkụkụ nwere ike ịgbanwe site na uto ahịhịa gaa na uto ịmụ nwa na okooko zuru oke na ịmị mkpụrụ.Ụdị ihe ọkụkụ dị iche iche na genotypes nwere nzaghachi physiological dị iche iche maka mgbanwe oge photoperiod.Osisi ogologo anwụ na-acha, ozugbo oge anwụ gafere ogologo anwụ dị oke egwu, oge okooko na-adịkarị ngwa ngwa site na ịgbatị oge photoperiod, dị ka ọka, ọka wit na ọka bali.Osisi ndị na-anọpụ iche, n'agbanyeghị oge photoperiod, ga-ama ifuru, dị ka osikapa, ọka na kukumba.Osisi ndị na-adị obere ụbọchị, dị ka owu, soybean na millet, chọrọ oge foto dị ala karịa ogologo anwụ dị oke egwu iji too.N'okpuru ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke ọkụ 8h na 30 ℃ okpomọkụ dị elu, oge okooko nke amaranth karịrị ụbọchị 40 tupu nke ahụ na gburugburu ubi.N'okpuru ọgwụgwọ nke 16/8 h ìhè okirikiri (ìhè / ọchịchịrị), ihe asaa bali genotypes bloomed n'oge: Franklin (36 ụbọchị), Gairdner (35 ụbọchị), Gimmett (33 ụbọchị), ọchịagha (30 ụbọchị), Fleet (29). ụbọchị), Baudin (ụbọchị 26) na Lockyer (ụbọchị 25).

N'okpuru ebe a na-emepụta ihe, enwere ike belata oge uto nke ọka wit site na iji omenala embrayo nweta seedlings, wee irradiating maka awa 16, na ọgbọ 8 nwere ike ịmepụta kwa afọ.A na-ebelata oge uto nke agwa site na ụbọchị 143 na gburugburu ubi ruo ụbọchị 67 na griin haus na ọkụ 16h.Site n'ịgbatị oge photoperiod na 20h ma jikọta ya na 21 ° C / 16 ° C (ụbọchị / abalị), oge uto nke pea nwere ike belata ruo ụbọchị 68, na nhazi mkpụrụ bụ 97.8%.N'okpuru ọnọdụ ebe a na-achịkwa, mgbe awa 20 gachara ọgwụgwọ photoperiod, ọ na-ewe ụbọchị 32 site na ịgha mkpụrụ ruo okooko osisi, na oge uto dum bụ ụbọchị 62-71, nke dị mkpụmkpụ karịa nke ahụ na ọnọdụ ubi karịa ụbọchị 30.N'okpuru ọnọdụ nke griin haus na 22h photoperiod, oge okooko nke ọka wit, ọka bali, ndina n'ike na chickpea na-ebelata site na 22, 64, 73 na 33 ụbọchị na nkezi, n'otu n'otu.N'ijikọta na oge owuwe ihe ubi nke mkpụrụ osisi, ọnụ ọgụgụ mkpụrụ nke mkpụrụ owuwe ihe ubi n'oge nwere ike iru 92%, 98%, 89% na 94% n'otu n'otu, nke nwere ike gboo mkpa ọmụmụ.Ụdị kachasị ngwa ngwa nwere ike na-emepụta ọgbọ 6 (ọka wit) na ọgbọ 7 (ọka wit).N'okpuru ọnọdụ nke oge awa 22, oge okooko oats belatara ụbọchị iri na otu, na ụbọchị iri abụọ na otu mgbe okooko gachara, enwere ike ikwenye ma ọ dịkarịa ala mkpụrụ osisi 5, yana ọgbọ ise nwere ike ịgbasa kwa afọ.N'ime griin haus nke nwere ọkụ awa 22, a na-ebelata oge uto nke lentil ruo ụbọchị 115, ha nwere ike ịmụpụta ọgbọ 3-4 kwa afọ.N'okpuru ọnọdụ nke ọkụ na-aga n'ihu nke awa 24 na griin haus, a na-ebelata usoro nke ahụekere site na ụbọchị 145 ruo ụbọchị 89, a pụkwara ịgbasa ya ruo ọgbọ anọ n'otu afọ.

Ogo ọkụ

Ìhè na-ekere òkè dị mkpa na uto na mmepe nke osisi.Ìhè nwere ike ịchịkwa ifuru site na-emetụta ọtụtụ photoreceptors.Oke ọkụ na-acha uhie uhie (R) na ìhè anụnụ anụnụ (B) dị ezigbo mkpa maka okooko osisi.The red ìhè wavelength nke 600 ~ 700nm nwere absorption elu nke chlorophyll nke 660nm, nke nwere ike n'ụzọ dị irè kwalite photosynthesis.The-acha anụnụ anụnụ ìhè wavelength nke 400 ~ 500nm ga-emetụta osisi phototropism, stomatal oghere na seedling ibu.Na ọka wit, oke ọkụ na-acha uhie uhie na ìhè anụnụ anụnụ bụ ihe dịka 1, nke nwere ike ime ka ifuru na mbụ.N'okpuru àgwà ọkụ nke R: B=4: 1, oge uto nke ụdị soybean dị n'etiti na nke na-etolite etolite na-ebelata site na ụbọchị 120 ruo ụbọchị 63, na-ebelata ogo osisi na ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ, mana mkpụrụ osisi emetụtaghị. , nke nwere ike imeju ma ọ dịkarịa ala otu mkpụrụ n'otu osisi, na nkezi mkpụrụ nke mkpụrụ osisi akabeghị aka bụ 81.7%.N'okpuru ọnọdụ nke ọkụ 10h na mgbakwunye ọkụ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, osisi soybean bịara dị mkpụmkpụ ma sie ike, tolitere ụbọchị 23 mgbe aghachara, tozuru oke n'ime ụbọchị 77, ma nwee ike ịmụpụta maka ọgbọ ise n'otu afọ.

Oke ọkụ na-acha uhie uhie na ìhè uhie dị anya (FR) na-emetụtakwa ifuru osisi.Pigmenti nwere mmetụta foto dị n'ụdị abụọ: nnabata ọkụ na-acha uhie uhie (Pfr) na absorption ọkụ na-acha ọbara ọbara (Pr).Na oke R: FR dị ala, a na-atụgharị pigmenti fotosenitive site na Pfr gaa na Pr, nke na-eduga na ifuru nke osisi ogologo ụbọchị.Iji ọkụ ọkụ na-achịkwa R: FR (0.66 ~ 1.07) kwesịrị ekwesị nwere ike ịbawanye elu osisi, kwalite okooko osisi ogologo ụbọchị (dị ka ebube ụtụtụ na snapdragon), ma gbochie okooko osisi nke obere ụbọchị (dị ka marigold). ).Mgbe R: FR karịrị 3.1, oge okooko lentil na-egbu oge.Mbelata R: FR ruo 1.9 nwere ike nweta mmetụta ifuru kacha mma, ọ nwere ike itolite n'ụbọchị 31st mgbe aghachara.Mmetụta nke ọkụ na-acha ọbara ọbara na mgbochi nke ifuru bụ onye na-ahụ maka pigmenti photosensitive Pr.Nnyocha egosiwo na mgbe R: FR dị elu karịa 3.5, oge okooko nke osisi legume ise (pea, chickpea, nnukwu agwa, lentil na lupin) ga-egbu oge.N'ụfọdụ ụdị genotypes nke amaranth na osikapa, a na-eji ọkụ na-acha uhie uhie na-eme ka ifuru ya na ụbọchị iri na ụbọchị iri abụọ n'otu n'otu.

Ụlọ ọrụ Fertiliser Co., Ltd₂

CO₂bụ isi carbon nke photosynthesis.Ọnụ ala kasị elu nke mbak CO₂nwere ike na-akwalite uto na mmeputakwa nke C3 annuals, ebe obere ntinye uche CO₂nwere ike ibelata uto na mmeputakwa n'ihi oke carbon.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, arụmọrụ photosynthetic nke osisi C3, dị ka osikapa na ọka wit, na-abawanye na mmụba nke CO.₂ọkwa, na-ebute mmụba nke biomass na mmalite okooko.Iji ghọta mmetụta dị mma nke CO₂mmụba ntinye uche, ọ nwere ike ịdị mkpa iji bulie mmiri na ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ.Ya mere, n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke itinye ego na-akparaghị ókè, hydroponics nwere ike ịhapụ ikike nke osisi.Obere CO₂Ntinye uche na-egbu oge oge ifuru Arabidopsis thaliana, ebe CO dị elu₂itinye uche na-eme ngwa ngwa oge osikapa, belata oge uto nke osikapa ruo ọnwa 3, ma gbasaa ọgbọ anọ kwa afọ.Site na mgbakwunye CO₂ruo 785.7μmol/mol n'ime igbe uto mmadụ, usoro ọmụmụ nke soybean dị iche iche 'Enrei' dị mkpụmkpụ ka ụbọchị 70, ọ nwere ike ịmụ ọgbọ ise n'otu afọ.Kedu mgbe CO₂ntinye uche na-abawanye ruo 550μmol / mol, okooko osisi Cajanus cajan na-egbu oge maka ụbọchị 8 ~ 9, na nhazi mkpụrụ osisi na oge chara acha na-egbukwa oge maka ụbọchị 9.Cajanus cajan na-akwakọba shuga na-adịghị edozi na nnukwu CO₂itinye uche, nke nwere ike imetụta nnyefe mgbaàmà nke osisi na igbu oge okooko.Na mgbakwunye, n'ime ụlọ na-eto eto na ụba CO₂, ọnụ ọgụgụ na àgwà okooko osisi soybean na-abawanye, nke na-eme ka ngwakọ dị iche iche, na ọnụ ọgụgụ nchịkọta ya dị elu karịa nke soybean na-eto n'ubi.

Atụmanya n'ọdịnihu

Ọrụ ugbo nke oge a nwere ike ime ka usoro ọmụmụ ihe ọkụkụ dị ngwa site n'usoro ọmụmụ ọzọ na ịzụ ụlọ.Otú ọ dị, e nwere ụfọdụ adịghị ike na ụzọ ndị a, dị ka ndị siri ike na mpaghara chọrọ, oké ọnụ ọrụ oru na ọnọdụ eke anaghị akwụsi ike, nke na-enweghị ike kwere nkwa na-aga nke ọma mkpụrụ osisi.Ọnọdụ ihu igwe na-emetụta ọmụmụ ihe akụrụngwa, yana oge mgbakwunye ọgbọ nwere oke.Otú ọ dị, ozuzu ihe nrịbama mkpụrụ ndụ na-eme ka nhọrọ na mkpebi siri ike nke àgwà ebumpụta ụwa dịkwuo elu.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, etinyere teknụzụ ọmụmụ ngwa ngwa na Gramineae, Leguminosae, Cruciferae na ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ.Otú ọ dị, osisi mmepụta ihe ngwa ngwa ọgbọ ozuzu kpamkpam na-ewepụsị mmetụta nke ọnọdụ ihu igwe, na ike mezie ibu gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka mkpa nke osisi ibu na mmepe.Ijikọta ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ngwa ngwa teknụzụ na nkà na ụzụ ọdịnala, mmepụta ihe nrịbama mkpụrụ ndụ na usoro ọmụmụ ndị ọzọ nke ọma, n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke ozuzu ngwa ngwa, oge a chọrọ iji nweta ahịrị homozygous mgbe hybridization nwere ike belata, na n'otu oge ahụ, enwere ike belata ọgbọ mbụ. ahọpụtara iji belata oge achọrọ iji nweta ezigbo àgwà na ọgbọ ọmụmụ.

Ihe mgbochi dị mkpa nke teknụzụ ịmụ ngwa ngwa osisi na ụlọ ọrụ bụ na ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi chọrọ maka uto na mmepe nke ihe ọkụkụ dị iche iche dị nnọọ iche, ọ na-ewekwa ogologo oge iji nweta ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi maka ịzụlite ngwa ngwa nke ihe ọkụkụ.N'otu oge ahụ, n'ihi nnukwu ọnụ ahịa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ịrụ ọrụ, ọ na-esiri ike ịme nnwale mmepụta ihe dị ukwuu, nke na-edugakarị na mkpụrụ osisi nwere oke, nke nwere ike igbochi nyocha njirimara ubi.Site na mmụba nke nta nke nta na nkwalite nke akụrụngwa ụlọ ọrụ ihe ọkụkụ na teknụzụ, ọnụ ahịa ihe owuwu na arụ ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ihe ọkụkụ na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ belata.Ọ ga-ekwe omume ịkwalite teknụzụ ọmụmụ ngwa ngwa ma belata usoro ọmụmụ site na ijikọta ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke ọma na teknụzụ mmepụta ngwa ngwa na usoro ọmụmụ ndị ọzọ.

N'ikpeazụ

Ozi e zoro aka na ya

Liu Kaizhe, Liu Houcheng.Ọganihu nyocha nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ ngwa ngwa teknụzụ [J].Teknụzụ Injinia Agricultural, 2022,42(22):46-49.