Onye edemede: Changji Zhou, Hongbo Li, wdg.

Isi mmalite edemede: Greenhouse Horticulture Agricultural Engineering Technology

Nke a bụ ntọala nnwale nke Haidian District Agricultural Science Institute, yana ihe ngosi ihe ngosi teknụzụ dị elu nke Haidian na ogige Sayensị.N'afọ 2017, onye edemede mere ka ewebata griin haus multi-span plastic film test na mkpuchi okpomọkụ dị elu sitere na South Korea.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Director Zheng agbanweela ya ka ọ bụrụ griin haus na-emepụta strawberry na-ejikọta ihe ngosi teknụzụ, nlegharị anya na ịtụtụ, ntụrụndụ na ntụrụndụ.A na-akpọ ya "5G Cloud Strawberry", m ga-akpọrọ gị hụ ya ọnụ.

Osisi Strawberry Greenhouse na ojiji oghere ya

Shelf strawberry na-ebuli elu na sistemụ nghọta

Oghere cultivation na cultivation usoro

Oghere a na-akọ ihe na-eme ka mmiri na mmiri na-asọpụta na ala nke oghere ihe ọkụkụ ahụ, a na-ebulikwa ọnụ ọnụ n'èzí n'etiti etiti ala nke oghere ihe ọkụkụ na ogologo ụzọ (site n'ime oghere nke ịkụ ihe, oghere dị ala. na-etolite na ala).The isi mmiri ọkọnọ na cultivation oghere na-tọgbọrọ ozugbo na nke a na ala uzo, na mmiri leached si cultivation ọkara na-anakọtara n'ime nke a uzo uniformly, na n'ikpeazụ atara site n'otu nsọtụ nke cultivation oghere.

Uru nke ịkụ mkpụrụ osisi strawberries na ite ihe ọkụkụ bụ na a na-ekewapụ ala nke ite ihe ọkụkụ site na ala ala nke oghere ịkụ ihe, na akwa aquifer agaghị etolite n'akụkụ ala nke mkpụrụ, na ikuku ventilashion n'ozuzu ya. a na-emezi mkpụrụ osisi;Ọ ga-agbasa na mmiri mmiri ogbugba mmiri n'ubi;Nke atọ, a gaghị enwe mmiri ozuzo mgbe etinyere mkpụrụ osisi n'ime ite ihe ọkụkụ, na shelf nke ihe ọkụkụ dị mma ma mara mma n'ozuzu ya.Ọdịmma dị n'usoro a bụ ọkachasị na ịgba mmiri na-ata mmiri na ịkụ ihe ọkụkụ na-abawanye itinye ego n'ịrụ akụrụngwa.

Oghere na-eto eto na ite

Cultivation ogbe nghọta na ebuli usoro

The nghọta na-ebuli usoro nke cultivation shelf bụ ihu ọma otu ihe ahụ dị ka nke omenala strawberry ebuli cultivation shelf.The kpọgidere eriri nke cultivation oghere gbara gburugburu cultivation oghere, na-ejikọta ike nghọta na reversing wheel na ihe mgbanwe ogologo-ogologo ifuru nkata ịghasa (eji dozie agbanwe agbanwe nke echichi elu nke cultivation oghere).N'elu eriri ala, njedebe nke ọzọ na-emerụ ahụ na wiil nke ejikọrọ na draịva mbanye nke moto reducer.

Cultivation shelf nghọta usoro

Na ndabere nke n'ozuzu eluigwe na ala hanga usoro, iji gboo mkpa nke pụrụ iche cross-section udi nke cultivation oghere na mkpa nke nlegharị anya ngosi, ụfọdụ ahaziri ngwa na akụrụngwa na-innovatively e mere ebe a.

(1) Cultivation shelf hanga.Kechie eriri nke cultivation shelf bụ nke mbụ eriri mechiri emechi, nke a na-etolite site na ikwe na ịgbado waya igwe.The cross-ngalaba nke ọ bụla akụkụ nke hanging kechie bụ otu, na n'ibu Njirimara na-agbanwe agbanwe;Akụkụ dị n'okpuru nke oghere ahụ na-anabatakwa ịgbado ọkara okirikiri kwekọrọ;nke atọ bụ n'ogige atụrụ n'etiti kechie n'ime nnukwu n'akuku, na elu kechie kpọmkwem hooked na ekwe ebe, nke ọ bụghị nanị na-eme ka a kwụsie ike n'etiti ike ndọda nke cultivation oghere, ma ọ dịghị eme mpụta deformation, na ọ na-ahụkwa na eriri ahụ jikọtara ya na ntụkwasị obi na ọ gaghị adapụ ma gbasaa.

Cultivation shelf kechie

(2) Ụdọ kpọgidere nchekwa.Na ndabere nke usoro nkwudo ọdịnala, a na-etinye mgbakwunye nchekwa nchekwa 6m ọ bụla n'ogologo oghere ihe ubi.Ihe ndị a chọrọ maka usoro nkwudo nchekwa ọzọ bụ, nke mbụ, na-agba ọsọ synchronously na mbanye hanging usoro;nke abụọ, inwe ikike ibu ihe zuru oke.Iji nweta n'elu ọtọ chọrọ, a set nke mmiri winding ngwaọrụ nghọta usoro e mere na họrọ retract na nghọta eriri nke cultivation oghere.A na-ahazi winder mmiri n'otu n'otu na eriri ụgbọ ala kwụgidere, ma kwụgidere ya ma dozie ya na eriri ala nke griin haus.

Sistemụ nkwusioru nchekwa ndị ọzọ

Ngwá ọrụ mmepụta ihe inyeaka nke cultivation ogbe

(1) Usoro kaadị osisi.Usoro carding osisi a kpọtụrụ aha ebe a bụ nke akụkụ abụọ mejupụtara: ihe nkwado kaadị osisi na eriri ọlaọcha na-acha agba.N'ime ha, ihe nkwado kaadị osisi bụ mgbakọ nke nwere kaadị mpịachi agbagọ n'ozuzu ya na ụdị U-n'ozuzu ya na kaadị U nke nwere mkpanaka mmachi okpukpu abụọ.Na ala na ala ọkara nke U-ekara kaadị apịaji dakọtara na mpụga akụkụ nke cultivation oghere, na gburugburu cultivation oghere si na ala;mgbe alaka ya abụọ gafere oghere oghere nke oghere ịkụ ihe, mee ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-ehulata iji jikọọ mkpanaka okpukpu abụọ, ma ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ nke igbochi nrụrụ nke oghere nke oghere ubi;ọ bụ obere eriri U-ekpu nke bụ convex elu, nke a na-eji edozi eriri nkewa nke mkpụrụ osisi strawberry;akụkụ elu nke kaadị U-dị ka bụ mgbanaka nke W maka idozi alaka strawberry na akwụkwọ ịgbakọ eriri.Kaadị mpịaji nke U- na mkpanaka ịgba okpukpu abụọ bụ nke a na-etolite site na-ehulata waya igwe galvanized.

A na-eji eriri nkewa nke mkpụrụ osisi na-ekpokọta alaka na akwụkwọ nke strawberry n'ime oghere oghere nke oghere, ma kpọgidere mkpụrụ osisi strawberry n'èzí oghere nke ịkụ mkpụrụ, nke na-adịghị mma maka ịtụtụ mkpụrụ osisi, ma na-echebekwa strawberry site na mkpụrụ osisi strawberry. na kpọmkwem spraying mmiri mmiri ọgwụ, na ike melite ornamental àgwà strawberry akuku.

Usoro kaadị osisi

(2) ogbe edo edo na-akpụ akpụ.A na-emepụta akwa akwa na-acha odo odo nke nwere ike ibugharị nke ọma, ya bụ, a na-agbado osisi kwụ ọtọ maka mbadamba odo na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na tripod, nke enwere ike idobe ya ozugbo n'ala griin haus ma nwee ike ịkwaga n'oge ọ bụla.

(3) Ụgbọ ala nchekwa osisi na-anya onwe ya.Enwere ike ịkwado ụgbọ ala a na ihe mkpuchi ihe ọkụkụ, ya bụ, onye na-anya ụgbọ ala na-akpaghị aka, nke nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ nchebe osisi na-enweghị ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ụlọ dịka ụzọ a na-eme atụmatụ kọmputa, nke nwere ike ichebe ahụike nke ndị na-arụ ọrụ griin haus.

akụrụngwa nke nchekwa osisi

Sistemụ Nkwanye nri na mmiri mmiri

A na-ekewa usoro ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ na usoro mmiri mmiri nke ọrụ a n'ime akụkụ 3: otu bụ akụkụ nkwadebe mmiri doro anya;nke abụọ bụ usoro ịgba mmiri strawberry na fatịlaịza;nke atọ bụ usoro eji emegharị mmiri mmiri maka ịkụ mkpụrụ osisi strawberry.A na-akpọkwa ngwá ọrụ maka nkwadebe nke mmiri doro anya na usoro ihe ngwọta na-edozi ahụ dị ka onye isi mmiri, a na-akpọkwa ngwá ọrụ maka ịnye na iweghachi mmiri n'ubi dị ka ihe ọkụkụ.

Sistemụ Nkwanye nri na mmiri mmiri

Iri mmiri n'ihu

Ngwa nkwadebe mmiri dị ọcha kwesịrị ịdị na-enwe aja na ihe nzacha ajịja iji wepụ ájá, yana ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị nro iji wepụ nnu.A na-echekwa mmiri dị ọcha nzacha ma dị nro n'ime ebe nchekwa maka iji mechaa.

Ngwa nhazi nke ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ na-agụnye tankị akụrụngwa atọ maka fatịlaịza A na B, yana tank acid maka ịhazi pH, yana otu ndị na-agwakọta fatịlaịza.N'oge a na-arụ ọrụ, a na-ahazi ihe ngwọta ngwaahịa na tankị A, B na acid ma gwakọta ya n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị site na igwe fatịlaịza dị ka usoro edoziri iji mepụta ngwọta edozi edozi, na-echekwa ihe ngwọta na-edozi ahụ nke igwe fatịlaịza haziri na ngwaahịa. tank nchekwa ngwọta maka njikere.

Akụrụngwa nkwadebe ihe ngwọta na-edozi ahụ

Sistemụ ọkọnọ mmiri na nloghachi maka ịkụ mkpụrụ osisi strawberry

Usoro mmiri na nloghachi maka ịkụ mkpụrụ osisi strawberry na-agbaso usoro nke mmiri na-edozi ahụ ma laghachi n'otu njedebe nke oghere ịkụ ihe.Ebe ọ bụ na oghere cultivation na-anabata usoro ebuli na nkwudo, a na-eji ụdị abụọ eme ihe maka mmiri na-alọghachite ọkpọkọ nke oghere ubi: otu bụ ọkpọkọ siri ike;nke ọzọ bụ ọkpọkọ na-agbanwe agbanwe nke na-eji oghere cultivation na-ebuli elu na ala.N'oge ịgba mmiri na fatịlaịza, a na-ezigara mmiri mmiri sitere na tank mmiri doro anya na tank mmiri na-echekwa mmiri na mmiri na igwe ejikọtara fatịlaịza maka ịgwakọta dịka usoro nhazi (usoro dị mfe nwere ike iji ngwa ngwa fatịlaịza kwesịrị ekwesị, dị ka Venturi). , wdg, nke nwere ike ịkwado ma ọ bụ na-agaghị ebugharị ike) wee ziga ya n'elu nke onye na-emepụta ihe ọkụkụ site na isi mmiri na-enye mmiri (a na-etinye ọkpọkọ mmiri na-esi na griin haus n'akụkụ ogologo nke griin haus), na eriri roba na-agbanwe agbanwe na-eduga mmiri ogbugba mmiri site na ọkpọkọ mmiri na-enye mmiri na njedebe nke ọkpọkọ ihe ọkụkụ ọ bụla, wee jikọọ na ọkpọkọ ọkpọkọ mmiri nke edobere na oghere ubi.A na-ahazi ọkpọkọ alaka mmiri na-enye mmiri na oghere ịkụ ihe n'ogologo nke oghere ịkụ ihe, na n'ụzọ, a na-ejikọta ọkpọkọ mmiri na-agbapụta dịka nhazi nhazi nke ite ihe ọkụkụ, na-edozi ihe ndị na-edozi ahụ n'ime etiti nke ihe ọkụkụ ahụ. ite site na ntapu ọkpọkọ.A na-awụpụ ihe ngwọta na-edozi ahụ na-edozi ahụ nke na-esi na mkpụrụ osisi ahụ banye n'ime oghere ịkụ ihe site na oghere drain dị na ala nke ite ihe ọkụkụ ma na-anakọta ya n'ime mmiri mmiri na-asọpụta na ala nke oghere ịkụ ihe.Gbanwee nwụnye elu nke cultivation oghere na-etolite a mgbe nile eruba si n'otu nsọtụ ọzọ.N'elu mkpọda mkpọda, mmiri mmiri na-alọghachi mmiri nke anakọtara site na ala nke oghere ahụ ga-emecha gbakọta na njedebe nke oghere ahụ.A na-ahazi oghere na njedebe nke oghere ịkụ ihe iji jikọọ tank njikọ nke nloghachi mmiri mmiri, a na-ejikọtakwa ọkpọkọ nkwụghachi mmiri n'okpuru ebe a na-anakọta ihe, na n'ikpeazụ, a na-anakọta mmiri mmiri na-alaghachi azụ ma wepụ ya n'ime mmiri mmiri na-alaghachi azụ.

Usoro ntinye mmiri na nloghachi mmiri

Iji mmiri mmiri nloghachi

Nke a griin haus ogbugba mmiri n'ubi nloghachi mmiri mmiri adịghị eji mechiri emechi-loop mgbasa ọrụ nke strawberry mmepụta usoro, ma na-anakọta nloghachi mmiri mmiri si strawberry akuku oghere na ozugbo na-eji ya maka akuku nke ornamental inine.Otu ofu elu cultivation oghere dị ka strawberry cultivation ka atọrọ na anọ mpụta mgbidi griin haus, na cultivation oghere jupụtara cultivation mkpụrụ na-eto eto ornamental inine.Na nloghachi mmiri mmiri nke strawberries bụ ozugbo ogbugba mmiri n'ubi ndị a ornamental inine, na-eji mmiri dị ọcha na nchekwa tank maka kwa ụbọchị ogbugba mmiri n'ubi.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a na-ejikọta mmiri na-enye mmiri na nlọghachi azụ nke oghere ịkụ ihe n'ime otu n'ime nhazi nke mmiri na-esi na mmiri na-alaghachi azụ.A na-anabata usoro ịgba mmiri n'ubi n'ime oghere ịkụ ihe.N'ime oge mmiri na-enye mmiri, a na-emeghe valvụ nke ọkpọkọ mmiri na-emechi valvụ nke azụ azụ.A na-emechi valvụ ọkpọkọ na valvụ mmiri na-emeghe.Usoro ogbugba mmiri n'ubi na-azọpụta alaka ọkpọkọ mmiri mmiri na sub-paipe na oghere nke ịkụ ihe, na-echekwa ego, na isi enweghị mmetụta na mmepụta nke inine ornamental.

Na-eto akwụkwọ nri ịchọ mma Iji nloghachi Liquid

Greenhouse na akụrụngwa nkwado

E si na South Korea webata griin haus n'ụzọ zuru ezu na 2017. Ogologo ya bụ 47m, obosara bụ 23m, na ngụkọta nke 1081 m.² .Ogologo nke griin haus bụ 7m, ọnụ mmiri bụ 3m, eaves elu bụ 4.5m, na elu elu bụ 6.4m, na ngụkọta nke 3 span na 15 bays.Iji mee ka mkpuchi ọkụ nke griin haus dịkwuo elu, a na-edobe ọnụ ụzọ mkpuchi okpomọkụ nke 1m n'obosara gburugburu ụlọ griin ha, na-emepụtakwa ákwà mgbochi okpomọkụ nke ime ụlọ okpukpu abụọ.N'oge mgbanwe nhazi ahụ, a na-eji truss dochie eriri ndị kwụ ọtọ n'elu ogidi ndị dị n'agbata oghere nke griin haus mbụ.

Ọdịdị griin haus

Nrụgharị nke griin haus thermal insulation usoro na-ejigide nhazi mbụ nke usoro mkpuchi ọkụ nke ụlọ na mgbidi na okpukpu abụọ nke ime ụlọ.Otú ọ dị, mgbe afọ 3 arụchara ọrụ, ụgbụ ndò mbụ ahụ mere agadi ma mebie ya.N'ime nrụgharị nke griin haus, emelitere ákwà mgbochi niile ma jiri mkpuchi mkpuchi mkpuchi acrylic dochie ya, nke na-adị ọkụ ma na-ekpo ọkụ karịa, nke emere n'ime ụlọ.Site na ọrụ ahụ n'ezie, nkwonkwo na-ekpuchi n'etiti ákwà mgbochi mkpuchi ụlọ, mgbidi mkpuchi mgbidi na mkpuchi mkpuchi ụlọ na-ekpuchi ya, na-ekpuchikwa usoro mkpuchi ahụ dum.

Sistemụ mkpuchi griin haus

Iji hụ na ọkụ chọrọ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ, agbakwunyere usoro ọkụ mgbakwunye na mmeghari nke griin haus.Ìhè agbakwunyere na-anabata usoro ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ, ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ ọ bụla nwere ike nke 50 W, hazie ogidi 2 n'otu oge.Oghere nke ọkụ kọlụm ọ bụla bụ 3m.Ngụkọta ike ọkụ bụ 4.5 kW, nke ya na 4.61 W / m² kwa unit ebe.Ike ọkụ nke 1m dị elu nwere ike iru karịa 2000 lx.

N'otu oge ịwụnye ọkụ mgbakwunye plnat, a na-etinyekwa ahịrị UVB lghts n'ogologo nke ọ bụla nwere oghere nke 2 m, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ikuku ikuku na griin haus.Ike nke otu ọkụ UVB bụ 40 W, na ngụkọta arụnyere ike bụ 4.36 kW, nke ya na 4.47 W / m² kwa nkeji mpaghara .

Usoro ikpo ọkụ griin haus na-eji ọkụ ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na gburugburu ebe obibi dị ọcha, nke na-eziga ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ n'ime griin haus site na onye na-ekpo ọkụ ọkụ.Mkpokọta ike nke ikuku isi iyi okpomọkụ mgbapụta na griin haus bụ 210kW, na 38 nkeji nke okpomọkụ mgbanwe Fans na-evenly kesara n'ime ụlọ.Mkpochapu ọkụ nke onye ọ bụla fan bụ 5.5kw, nke nwere ike hụ na ikuku ikuku dị na griin haus n'elu 5 ℃ n'okpuru okpomọkụ dị n'èzí nke -15 ℃ n'ụbọchị kacha oyi na Beijing, si otú ahụ na-ahụ maka mmepụta nke strawberry na griin haus.

Iji hụ na ịdị n'otu nke ikuku ikuku na iru mmiri na griin haus na iji mepụta ụfọdụ mmegharị ikuku n'ime ụlọ, a na-ejikwa griin haus nwere ikuku mgbasa ozi kwụ ọtọ.A na-ahazi ndị fan na-ekesa n'etiti etiti griin haus na oge nke 18 m, na ike nke otu fan bụ 0.12 kW.

Greenhouse na-akwado akụrụngwa njikwa gburugburu ebe obibi

Ozi ngụ:

Changji Zhou, Hongbo, Li, He Zheng, wdg.Dr. Zhou nyochara Shiling (Narị na iri abụọ na isii) ụdị nlegharị anya-ebuli strawberry hanger na nkwado akụrụngwa na akụrụngwa[J].Agricultural Engineering Technology,2022,42(7):36-42.