Chen Tongqiang, wdg. Teknụzụ injinia nke griin haus bipụtara na Beijing na 17:30 na Jenụwarị 6, 2023.

Ezi rhizosphere EC na pH akara bụ ọnọdụ dị mkpa iji nweta mkpụrụ tomato dị elu na ọnọdụ omenala enweghị ala na griin haus smart.N'isiokwu a, a na-ewere tomato dị ka ihe ọkụkụ, na rhizosphere kwesịrị ekwesị EC na pH dị na ọkwa dị iche iche ka a chịkọtara, yana usoro nchịkwa nchịkwa kwekọrọ na nke na-adịghị ahụkebe, iji nye ntụaka maka mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ n'ezie na. omenala iko greenhouses.

Dị ka ezughị ezu ọnụ ọgụgụ, akuku ebe nke multi-span iko nwere ọgụgụ isi greenhouses na China ruru 630hm2, na ọ ka na-agbasawanye.Glass griin haus na-ejikọta akụrụngwa na akụrụngwa dị iche iche, na-ekepụta ọnọdụ uto kwesịrị ekwesị maka uto osisi.Ezigbo njikwa gburugburu ebe obibi, ịgbasa mmiri na fatịlaịza ziri ezi, ọrụ ugbo ziri ezi na nchebe osisi bụ isi ihe anọ na-eme ka mkpụrụ osisi dị elu na tomato dị elu.N'ihe gbasara ogbugba mmiri n'ubi ziri ezi, ebumnuche ya bụ idobe rhizosphere EC kwesịrị ekwesị, pH, ọdịnaya mmiri na ntinye ion rhizosphere.Ezi rhizosphere EC na pH na-egbo mmepe nke mgbọrọgwụ na absorption nke mmiri na fatịlaịza, nke bụ mkpa dị mkpa maka ịnọgide na-enwe osisi ibu, photosynthesis, transpiration na ndị ọzọ metabolic omume.Ya mere, ịnọgide na-enwe ezigbo gburugburu rhizosphere bụ ọnọdụ dị mkpa maka inweta mkpụrụ osisi dị elu.

Mwepu nke EC na pH na rhizosphere ga-enwe mmetụta na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe na nguzo mmiri, mmepe mgbọrọgwụ, mgbọrọgwụ-fatịlaịza absorption arụ ọrụ- erughi nri osisi, mgbọrọgwụ ion ntinye-fatịlaịza absorption-ihe ọkụkụ na-edozi ahụ na ihe ndị ọzọ.Ịkụ mkpụrụ tomato na mmepụta na griin haus na-anabata omenala enweghị ala.Mgbe agwakọtachara mmiri na fatịlaịza, a na-enweta ntinye mmiri na fatịlaịza n'ụdị ịwụda akụ.EC, pH, ugboro, usoro, ego nloghachi mmiri mmiri na oge mmalite nke ogbugba mmiri n'ubi ga-emetụta rhizosphere EC na pH ozugbo.N'isiokwu a, a chịkọtara rhizosphere kwesịrị ekwesị EC na pH na ọkwa ọ bụla nke ịkụ tomato, na-enyocha ihe ndị na-akpata ọrịa rhizosphere EC na pH na-adịghị mma ma chịkọta ihe ndị na-edozi ahụ, bụ nke nyere ntụziaka na nkà na ụzụ maka mmepụta nke iko omenala n'ezie. griin haus.

Kwesịrị ekwesị rhizosphere EC na pH n'oge uto dị iche iche nke tomato

A na-egosipụtakarị rhizosphere EC na ntinye ion nke isi ihe dị na rhizosphere.Usoro ngụkọ nke pụtara ìhè bụ na a na-ekewa nchikota nke anion na ụgwọ cation site na 20, na ọnụ ahịa dị elu, nke dị elu nke rhizosphere EC.Rhizosphere EC dabara adaba ga-enye ntinye ion kwesịrị ekwesị na otu maka sistemụ mgbọrọgwụ.

N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, uru ya dị ala (rhizosphere EC <2.0mS/cm).N'ihi na nke ọzịza nrụgide nke mgbọrọgwụ mkpụrụ ndụ, ọ ga-eduga oké ọchịchọ nke mmiri absorption site mgbọrọgwụ, dapụtara na ọzọ free mmiri na osisi, na ngafe free mmiri ga-eji akwụkwọ spitting, cell elongation-osisi efu ibu;Uru ya dị n'akụkụ elu (oyi rhizosphere EC> 8 ~ 10mS / cm, okpomọkụ rhizosphere EC> 5 ~ 7mS / cm).Site na mmụba nke rhizosphere EC, ikike mmịpụta mmiri nke mgbọrọgwụ ezughị oke, nke na-eduga ná nrụgide ụkọ mmiri nke osisi, na n'ọnọdụ siri ike, osisi ga-akpọnwụ (Figure 1).N'otu oge ahụ, asọmpi dị n'etiti akwụkwọ na mkpụrụ osisi maka mmiri ga-eduga na mbelata nke mmiri mkpụrụ osisi, nke ga-emetụta mkpụrụ na mkpụrụ osisi.Mgbe rhizosphere EC bụ moderately mụbara site 0 ~ 2mS / cm, ọ nwere ezigbo usoro iwu mmetụta na-abawanye nke soluble sugar ịta / soluble ọdịnaya nke mkpụrụ osisi, ukpụhọde nke osisi vegetative ibu na ịmụ nwa itule, otú cherry tomato growers onye. ịchụso àgwà na-ejikarị rhizosphere EC dị elu.Achọpụtara na sugar soluble nke kukumba anyado dị elu nke ukwuu karịa nke njikwa n'okpuru ọnọdụ mmiri mmiri brackish (3g/L nke mmiri brackish mere onwe ya na oke nke NaCl:MgSO4: CaSO4 nke 2:2:1). e gbakwunyere na ngwọta nri).Njirimara nke tomato cherry Dutch 'Honey' bụ na ọ na-eme ka rhizosphere EC dị elu (8 ~ 10mS / cm) n'oge oge mmepụta dum, na mkpụrụ osisi ahụ nwere nnukwu ọdịnaya shuga, mana mkpụrụ osisi agwụla dị ntakịrị (5kg /). m2).

Rhizosphere pH (unitless) tumadi na-ezo aka na pH nke rhizosphere ngwọta, nke tumadi na-emetụta ọdịda na mgbasa nke ọ bụla mmewere ion na mmiri, na mgbe ahụ na-emetụta irè nke ọ bụla ion na-etinye obi gị dum site mgbọrọgwụ usoro.Maka ọtụtụ ion mmewere, oke pH ya kwesịrị ekwesị bụ 5.5 ~ 6.5, nke nwere ike hụ na ion ọ bụla nwere ike itinye uche na sistemụ mgbọrọgwụ.Ya mere, n'oge akuku tomato, rhizosphere pH kwesịrị ịnọgide na-enwe mgbe niile na 5.5 ~ 6.5.Tebụl 1 na-egosi oke nke rhizosphere EC na njikwa pH na ọkwa uto dị iche iche nke tomato buru ibu.Maka obere tomato mkpụrụ osisi, dị ka tomato cherry, rhizosphere EC na ọkwa dị iche iche bụ 0 ~ 1mS / cm dị elu karịa nke tomato mkpụrụ osisi buru ibu, ma a na-edozi ha niile dịka otu usoro ahụ si dị.

Ihe na-adịghị mma na nhazi nhazi nke tomato rhizosphere EC

Rhizosphere EC na-ezo aka na EC nke ngwọta edozi gburugburu usoro mgbọrọgwụ.Mgbe a na-akụ ajị anụ tomato na Holland, ndị na-akụ mkpụrụ ga-eji sirinji amịpụta ihe na-edozi ahụ site na ajị nkume, nsonaazụ ya na-anọchi anya ya.N'okpuru ọnọdụ nkịtị, nloghachi EC dị nso na rhizosphere EC, ya mere a na-ejikarị ihe nlele EC mee ihe dị ka rhizosphere EC na China.Mgbanwe nke ụbọchị ọ bụla nke rhizosphere EC na-ebilite mgbe anyanwụ wachara, na-amalite ịda ma na-eguzosi ike n'ọnụ ọnụ mmiri mmiri, ma jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebili ka mmiri gbasasịrị, dị ka egosiri na foto 2.

Isi ihe kpatara nlọghachi EC dị elu bụ obere nloghachi, nnukwu ntinye EC na ịgba mmiri n'oge.Ọnụ ego mmiri mmiri n'otu ụbọchị ahụ dị ntakịrị, nke na-egosi na nlọghachi mmiri mmiri dị ala.Ebumnuche nke nloghachi mmiri mmiri bụ ịsacha mkpụrụ ahụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu, hụ na rhizosphere EC, ọdịnaya mmiri mmiri na ntinye ion rhizosphere dị na oke nkịtị, na nlọghachi mmiri mmiri dị ala, na usoro mgbọrọgwụ na-amịkọrọ mmiri karịa ion elemental, nke na-egosikwa mmụba nke EC.Ọnụ ụzọ mbata EC dị elu na-eduga ozugbo na nloghachi dị elu EC.Dị ka iwu nke isi mkpịsị aka, nloghachi EC bụ 0.5 ~ 1.5ms / cm elu karịa ntinye EC.Mgbapu mmiri ikpeazụ kwụsịrị n'isi ụbọchị ahụ, ọkụ ọkụ ahụ ka dị elu (300 ~ 450W / m2) mgbe ịgba mmiri gasịrị.N'ihi ntụgharị nke osisi nke radieshon na-ebugharị, usoro mgbọrọgwụ nọgidere na-amịkọrọ mmiri, ọdịnaya mmiri nke mkpụrụ ahụ na-ebelata, ntinye ion mụbara, mgbe ahụ, rhizosphere EC mụbara.Mgbe rhizosphere EC dị elu, ọkụ ọkụ radieshon dị elu, na iru mmiri dị ala, osisi ndị ahụ na-eche nrụgide ụkọ mmiri ihu, nke a na-egosipụta nke ọma dị ka nkụ (Nyocha 1, nri).

Obere EC dị na rhizosphere bụ n'ihi oke nlọghachi mmiri dị elu, ngwụcha ngwụcha nke ogbugba mmiri, yana EC dị ala na ntinye mmiri mmiri, nke ga-eme ka nsogbu ahụ ka njọ.Ọnụego nlọghachi mmiri dị elu ga-eduga na nso nso na-enweghị ngwụcha n'etiti ntinye EC na nloghachi EC.Mgbe ogbugba mmiri n'ubi agwụ n'oge, karịsịa na urukpuru ụbọchị, tinyere na obere ìhè na elu iru mmiri, transspiration nke osisi adịghị ike, absorption ruru nke elemental ion dị elu karịa nke mmiri, na mbelata ruru nke matrix mmiri ọdịnaya bụ ala karịa nke ahụ. nke ion itinye uche na ngwọta, nke ga-eduga na EC dị ala nke nloghachi mmiri mmiri.N'ihi na ọzịza nrụgide nke mkpụrụ ndụ ntutu mgbọrọgwụ nke osisi dị ala karịa ikike mmiri nke rhizosphere nutrient solution, usoro mgbọrọgwụ na-amịkọrọ mmiri na mmiri nguzozi adịghị mma.Mgbe transpiration na-adịghị ike, a ga-ahapụ osisi ahụ n'ụdị mmiri na-agbapụta (nọmba 1, aka ekpe), ma ọ bụrụ na okpomọkụ dị elu n'abalị, osisi ahụ ga-eto n'efu.

Ihe ngbanwe mgbe rhizosphere EC adịghị mma: ① Mgbe nloghachi EC dị elu, EC na-abata kwesịrị ịdị n'ime oke ezi uche.N'ozuzu, EC na-abata nke nnukwu tomato mkpụrụ osisi bụ 2.5 ~ 3.5mS / cm n'oge okpomọkụ na 3.5 ~ 4.0mS / cm n'oge oyi.Nke abuo, meziwanye ọnụego nlọghachi mmiri mmiri, nke bụ tupu oge mmiri na-agba mmiri na ehihie, ma hụ na nlọghachi mmiri na-apụta n'ubi ọ bụla.Ọnụego nlọghachi nke mmiri mmiri na-ejikọta nke ọma na mkpokọta radieshon.N'oge okpomọkụ, mgbe ike radieshon ka karịrị 450 W / m2 na ogologo oge bụ ihe karịrị 30 min, a ga-eji aka tinye obere mmiri mmiri (50 ~ 100mL / dripper) otu ugboro, ọ ka mma ka ọ ghara ịlaghachi mmiri mmiri. emee isi.② Mgbe ọnụego nlọghachi mmiri dị ala, isi ihe kpatara ya bụ oke nloghachi mmiri mmiri, obere EC na njedebe ikpeazụ.N'iburu n'uche oge ogbugba mmiri n'oge ikpeazụ, ogbugba mmiri nke ikpeazụ na-akwụsịkarị 2 ~ 5h tupu anyanwụ daa, na-ejedebe na ụbọchị ígwé ojii na oyi tupu oge a kara aka, na-egbu oge na ụbọchị anwụ na okpomọkụ.Jikwaa ọnụego nlọghachi mmiri mmiri, dịka mkpokọta radieshon dị n'èzí siri dị.N'ozuzu, ọnụego nlọghachi mmiri na-erughị 10% mgbe nchịkọta radieshon na-erughị 500J/(cm2.d), na 10% ~ 20% mgbe nchịkọta radieshon bụ 500 ~ 1000J / (cm2.d), na ihe ndị ọzọ. .

Ihe na-adịghị mma na nhazi nhazi nke tomato rhizosphere pH

N'ozuzu, pH nke mmetụta bụ 5.5 na pH nke leachate bụ 5.5 ~ 6.5 n'okpuru ọnọdụ dị mma.Ihe ndị na-emetụta pH rhizosphere bụ usoro, omenala omenala, ọnụego leachate, àgwà mmiri na ihe ndị ọzọ.Mgbe pH rhizosphere dị ala, ọ ga-ere mgbọrọgwụ wee gbazee matrix ajị anụ ahụ nke ọma, dị ka egosiri na Figure 3. Mgbe rhizosphere pH dị elu, absorption nke Mn2 +, Fe 3+, Mg2 + na PO4 3- ga-ebelata. , nke ga-eduga n'ọdịdị ụkọ elementrị, dị ka ụkọ manganese nke pH dị elu nke rhizosphere kpatara, dị ka egosiri na foto 4.

N'ihe banyere ogo mmiri, mmiri ozuzo na RO membrane filtration water bụ acidic, na pH nke nne mmanya na-adịkarị 3 ~ 4, nke na-eduga na pH dị ala nke mmanya inlet.A na-ejikarị potassium hydroxide na potassium bicarbonate dozie pH nke mmanya inlet.Nitric acid na phosphoric acid na-achịkwa nke ọma mmiri na mmiri ala n'ihi na ha nwere HCO3-nke bụ alkaline.PH inlet na-adịghị mma ga-emetụta pH nloghachi ozugbo, ya mere pH ntinye kwesịrị ekwesị bụ ntọala nke iwu.N'ihe gbasara mkpụrụ osisi, mgbe a kụrụ, pH nke mmiri mmiri na-alọghachi nke mkpụrụ osisi aki oyibo dị nso na nke mmiri na-abata, na pH na-adịghị ahụkebe nke mmiri na-abata agaghị eme ka mgbanwe dị egwu nke rhizosphere pH n'oge dị mkpirikpi n'ihi na ezigbo buffering ihe onwunwe nke mkpụrụ.N'okpuru ajị anụ nkume, uru pH nke mmiri mmiri na-alaghachi mgbe ịchịisi dị elu ma na-adịru ogologo oge.

N'ihe banyere usoro, dị ka dị iche iche absorption ike nke ion site osisi, ọ nwere ike kewaa physiological acid salts na physiological alkaline salts.Na-ewere NO3- dị ka ihe atụ, mgbe osisi na-amịkọrọ 1mol nke NO3-, mgbọrọgwụ usoro ga-ahapụ 1mol nke OH-, nke ga-eduga na-abawanye nke rhizosphere pH, mgbe mgbe mgbọrọgwụ usoro absorbs NH4+, ọ ga-ahapụ otu ịta nke H +, nke ga-eduga mbelata nke rhizosphere pH.Ya mere, nitrate bụ nnu bụ isi nke anụ ahụ, ebe nnu ammonium bụ nnu acid physiologically.N'ozuzu, potassium sulfate, calcium ammonium nitrate na ammonium sulfate bụ fatịlaịza acid physiological, potassium nitrate na calcium nitrate bụ physiological alkaline salts, na ammonium nitrate bụ nnu na-anọpụ iche.Mmetụta nke nlọghachi mmiri mmiri na rhizosphere pH na-apụtakarị na mwepu nke ngwọta nri rhizosphere, na ihe na-adịghị mma rhizosphere pH na-ebute site na ntinye ion na-enweghị isi na rhizosphere.

Ihe ngbanwe mgbe pH rhizosphere adịghị mma: ① Nke mbụ, lelee ma pH nke mmetụta dị na oke ezi uche;(2) Mgbe ị na-eji mmiri nwere carbonate karịa, dị ka mmiri olulu mmiri, onye edemede ahụ chọpụtara n'otu oge na pH nke ihe na-emetụta ya bụ ihe nkịtị, ma mgbe mmiri ahụ kwụsịrị n'ụbọchị ahụ, a na-enyocha pH nke mmetụta ahụ wee chọpụta na ọ na-abawanye.Mgbe nyochachara, ihe kpatara ya bụ na pH na-abawanye n'ihi nchekwa nke HCO3-, n'ihi ya, a na-atụ aro iji nitric acid dị ka onye na-achịkwa mgbe ị na-eji mmiri olulu mmiri dị ka mmiri mmiri mmiri;(3) Mgbe a na-eji ajị anụ mee ihe dị ka ihe ọkụkụ, pH nke ngwọta nloghachi dị elu ruo ogologo oge na mmalite nke akuku.N'okwu a, a ga-ebelata pH nke ngwọta na-abata n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị na 5.2 ~ 5.5, na n'otu oge ahụ, a ga-abawanye dose nke physiological acid nnu, na calcium ammonium nitrate kwesịrị iji kama calcium nitrate na potassium sulfate kwesịrị. a ga-eji kama potassium nitrate.Ekwesiri ighota na usoro onunu ogwu nke NH4+ ekwesịghị igafe 1/10 nke ngụkọta N na usoro.Dị ka ihe atụ, mgbe mkpokọta N ntinye uche (NO3- + NH4+) na mmetụta bụ 20mmol/L, NH4+ ịta n'okpuru 2mmol/L, na potassium sulfate nwere ike iji kama potassium nitrate, ma e kwesịrị ịrịba ama na. Ọnụ ego nke SO4^2-A naghị atụ aro ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-erughị 6-8 mmol / L;(4) N'ihe banyere nlọghachi mmiri mmiri, a ga-abawanye ego mmiri mmiri n'oge ọ bụla na a ga-asacha mkpụrụ ahụ, karịsịa mgbe a na-eji ajị anụ mee ihe maka ịkụ ihe, n'ihi ya, rhizosphere pH enweghị ike imezi ngwa ngwa n'ime obere oge site na iji physiological. nnu acid, n'ihi ya, a ga-abawanye ụbara mmiri mmiri iji dozie pH rhizosphere na oke ezi uche ozugbo enwere ike.

Nchịkọta

A ezi uche nso nke rhizosphere EC na pH bụ premise iji hụ na nkịtị absorption nke mmiri na fatịlaịza site tomato mgbọrọgwụ.Ụkpụrụ ndị na-adịghị mma ga-eduga na ụkọ ihe ọkụkụ na-edozi ahụ, enweghị ahaghị nhata nke mmiri (mmetụta ụkọ mmiri / oke mmiri n'efu), ọkụ mgbọrọgwụ (elu EC na ala pH) na nsogbu ndị ọzọ.N'ihi na igbu oge nke ihe ọkụkụ na-akpata site na rhizosphere EC na pH na-adịghị mma, ozugbo nsogbu ahụ mere, ọ pụtara na rhizosphere EC na pH na-adịghị mma emeela ruo ọtụtụ ụbọchị, na usoro ihe ọkụkụ na-alaghachi na nkịtị ga-ewe oge, nke na-emetụta kpọmkwem rhizosphere EC na pH. mmepụta na àgwà.Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa ịchọpụta EC na pH nke mmiri mmiri na-abata ma laghachi kwa ụbọchị.

N'ikpeazụ

[Ihe ọmụma e zoro aka na ya] Chen Tongqiang, Xu Fengjiao, Ma Tiemin, wdg Rhizosphere EC na pH akara usoro nke tomato enweghị ala omenala na iko griin haus [J].Teknụzụ Injinia Agricultural, 2022,42 (31): 17-20.