Chen Tongqiang, wdg. Teknụzụ injinia ugbo nke ubi griinhaus Ebipụtara na Beijing na elekere 17:30 nke Jenụwarị 6, 2023.

Ezigbo rhizosphere EC na pH njikwa bụ ọnọdụ dị mkpa iji nweta mkpụrụ tomato dị elu n'ụdị ọdịbendị na-enweghị ájá na griin haus smart glass. N'isiokwu a, e weere tomato dị ka ihe a na-akụ, a chịkọtara oke rhizosphere EC na pH kwesịrị ekwesị n'ọkwa dị iche iche, yana usoro teknụzụ njikwa kwekọrọ na ya ma ọ bụrụ na e nwee nsogbu, iji nye ntụaka maka mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ n'ime griin haus iko ọdịnala.

Dịka ọnụọgụgụ na-ezughị ezu si kwuo, ebe a na-akụ griin haus nwere ọgụgụ isi na iko dị iche iche na China erutela 630hm2, ọ ka na-agbasakwa. Griin haus nwere ọtụtụ ihe eji arụ ọrụ na akụrụngwa, na-emepụta gburugburu ebe obibi kwesịrị ekwesị maka uto osisi. Ezigbo njikwa gburugburu ebe obibi, ịgba mmiri na fatịlaịza nke ọma, ọrụ ugbo ziri ezi na nchekwa osisi bụ isi ihe anọ iji nweta mkpụrụ dị elu na ịdị mma nke tomato. Banyere ịgba mmiri nke ọma, ebumnuche ya bụ ịnọgide na-enwe rhizosphere EC, pH, ọdịnaya mmiri substrate na njupụta ion rhizosphere kwesịrị ekwesị. Ezi rhizosphere EC na pH na-emeju mmepe nke mgbọrọgwụ na ịmịkọrọ mmiri na fatịlaịza, nke bụ ihe dị mkpa maka ịnọgide na-enwe uto osisi, photosynthesis, transpiration na omume metabolic ndị ọzọ. Ya mere, ịnọgide na-enwe gburugburu ebe obibi rhizosphere dị mma bụ ihe dị mkpa maka inweta mkpụrụ dị elu.

Enweghị njikwa nke EC na pH na rhizosphere ga-enwe mmetụta na-enweghị mgbagha na nguzozi mmiri, mmepe mgbọrọgwụ, arụmọrụ nnabata fatịlaịza-mmiri-enweghị nri osisi, ntinye mgbọrọgwụ ion-mmiri-mmiri-enweghị nri osisi na ihe ndị ọzọ. Ịkụ tomato na mmepụta na griin haus iko na-anabata ọdịbendị na-enweghị ájá. Mgbe agwakọtara mmiri na fatịlaịza, a na-enweta nnyefe mmiri na fatịlaịza n'ụdị akụ na-ada ada. EC, pH, ugboro, usoro, ọnụọgụ mmiri mmiri na-alaghachi na oge mmalite ịgba mmiri ga-emetụta rhizosphere EC na pH ozugbo. N'isiokwu a, a chịkọtara rhizosphere EC na pH kwesịrị ekwesị na ọkwa ọ bụla nke ịkụ tomato, a nyochakwara ihe kpatara rhizosphere EC na pH na-adịghị mma ma chịkọta usoro ndozi, nke nyere ntụaka na ntụaka teknụzụ maka mmepụta ezigbo griin haus iko.

Rhizosphere EC na pH kwesịrị ekwesị na ọkwa uto dị iche iche nke tomato

A na-egosipụtakarị rhizosphere EC n'ime mkpokọta ion nke ihe ndị bụ isi dị na rhizosphere. Usoro mgbakọ ihe atụ bụ na a na-ekewa ngụkọta nke anion na cation charge site na 20, na ka uru ahụ na-arị elu, otú ahụ ka rhizosphere EC na-arị elu. rhizosphere EC kwesịrị ekwesị ga-enye njupụta ion ihe kwesịrị ekwesị na nke otu maka sistemụ mgbọrọgwụ.

N'ozuzu, uru ya dị ala (rhizosphere EC <2.0mS/cm). N'ihi nrụgide nke mkpụrụ ndụ mgbọrọgwụ, ọ ga-ebute oke ọchịchọ maka mmịpụta mmiri site na mgbọrọgwụ, na-eme ka mmiri dịkwuo n'efu na osisi, a ga-ejikwa mmiri efu gabiga ókè maka ịgbọpụta akwụkwọ, ịgbatị mkpụrụ ndụ - uto efu; Uru ya dị n'akụkụ dị elu (rhizosphere oyi EC>8~10mS/cm, rhizosphere oge okpomọkụ EC>5~7mS/cm). Site na mmụba nke rhizosphere EC, ikike mmịpụta mmiri nke mgbọrọgwụ ezughị ezu, nke na-eduga na ụkọ mmiri nrụgide nke osisi, na n'ọnọdụ ndị siri ike, osisi ga-akpọnwụ (Foto 1). N'otu oge ahụ, asọmpi dị n'etiti akwụkwọ na mkpụrụ osisi maka mmiri ga-eduga na mbelata nke ọdịnaya mmiri mkpụrụ osisi, nke ga-emetụta mkpụrụ na ịdị mma mkpụrụ osisi. Mgbe rhizosphere EC mụbara nke ọma site na 0 ~ 2mS/cm, ọ na-enwe mmetụta dị mma na mmụba nke shuga na-agbaze/mkpụrụ osisi siri ike na-agbaze, mgbanwe nke uto osisi na nguzozi uto ọmụmụ, yabụ ndị na-akọ tomato cherry bụ́ ndị na-achụso ịdị mma na-anabata rhizosphere EC dị elu. A chọpụtara na shuga na-agbaze nke kukumba a dọwara adọwa dị elu karịa nke njikwa n'okpuru ọnọdụ mmiri brackish (3g/L nke mmiri brackish emere onwe ya na oke NaCl:MgSO4: Agbakwunyere CaSO4 nke 2:2:1 na ngwọta nri). Ihe ndị e ji mara tomato cherry Dutch 'Honey' bụ na ọ na-enwe rhizosphere EC (8 ~ 10mS/cm) n'oge mmepụta dum, mkpụrụ osisi ahụ nwekwara nnukwu shuga, mana mkpụrụ osisi emechara anaghị amịpụta nke ọma (5kg/m2).

pH nke Rhizosphere (enweghị otu) na-ezo aka na pH nke mmiri rhizosphere, nke na-emetụta mmiri ozuzo na mgbasa nke ion nke ihe ọ bụla dị na mmiri, wee na-emetụta irè nke ion ọ bụla nke sistemụ mgbọrọgwụ na-amịkọrọ. Maka ọtụtụ ion nke ihe, oke pH ya kwesịrị ekwesị bụ 5.5 ~ 6.5, nke nwere ike ijide n'aka na sistemụ mgbọrọgwụ nwere ike ịmịkọrọ ion ọ bụla. Ya mere, n'oge ịkụ tomato, a ga-anọgide na-enwe pH nke rhizosphere na 5.5 ~ 6.5. Tebụl 1 na-egosi oke nke rhizosphere EC na njikwa pH na ọkwa uto dị iche iche nke tomato buru ibu. Maka tomato obere mkpụrụ osisi, dị ka tomato cherry, rhizosphere EC na ọkwa dị iche iche dị elu karịa 0 ~ 1mS/cm karịa nke tomato buru ibu, mana a na-agbanwe ha niile dịka otu usoro si dị.

Ihe ndị na-adịghị mma na ihe ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe nke tomato rhizosphere EC

Rhizosphere EC na-ezo aka na EC nke ihe ngwọta nri gburugburu usoro mgbọrọgwụ. Mgbe a kụrụ ajị nkume tomato na Holland, ndị na-akọ ihe ga-eji sirinji amịpụta ihe ngwọta nri sitere na ajị nkume, ihe si na ya pụta na-anọchi anya ya karịa. N'ọnọdụ nkịtị, EC nloghachi dị nso na rhizosphere EC, yabụ a na-ejikarị EC nloghachi ihe nlele eme ihe dị ka rhizosphere EC na China. Mgbanwe ụbọchị nke rhizosphere EC na-ebilikarị mgbe anyanwụ wachara, na-amalite ịda ma na-adịgide adịgide n'oge mmiri mmiri, ma na-ebili nwayọ nwayọ mgbe mmiri gbasịrị, dịka egosiri na Foto 2.

Isi ihe kpatara EC ji dị elu bụ obere ọnụego nloghachi, nnukwu EC na-abanye n'ime mmiri na mmiri na-agba n'oge. Oke mmiri na-agba n'otu ụbọchị ahụ pere mpe, nke na-egosi na ọnụego nloghachi mmiri dị ala. Ebumnuche nke nloghachi mmiri bụ ịsacha ihe mkpuchi ahụ nke ọma, hụ na EC nke rhizosphere, ọdịnaya mmiri na ion nke rhizosphere dị na oke nkịtị, na ọnụego nloghachi mmiri dị ala, sistemụ mgbọrọgwụ na-amịkọrọ mmiri karịa ion nke elemental, nke na-egosi mmụba nke EC. EC nke dị elu na-eduga ozugbo na EC nke dị elu. Dịka iwu nke mkpịsị aka si dị, EC nke na-alaghachi azụ dị 0.5 ~ 1.5ms/cm karịa EC nke dị elu. Ịgba mmiri ikpeazụ kwụsịrị na mbido ụbọchị ahụ, ike ọkụ ka dịkwa elu (300 ~ 450W/m2) mgbe ịgba mmiri gasịrị. N'ihi mmịpụta nke osisi ndị radieshon na-akwali, sistemụ mgbọrọgwụ nọgidere na-amịkọrọ mmiri, ọdịnaya mmiri nke substrate ahụ belatara, mkpokọta ion mụbara, wee mụbaa EC nke rhizosphere. Mgbe rhizosphere EC dị elu, ike radieshon dị elu, na iru mmiri dị ala, osisi na-eche nsogbu ụkọ mmiri ihu, nke a na-egosipụta nke ukwuu dị ka nkụ (Foto 1, aka nri).

Isi ihe kpatara EC dị ala na rhizosphere bụ oke ọnụego nlọghachi mmiri, njedebe nke ịgbara mmiri n'oge, na obere EC dị na ntinye mmiri, nke ga-eme ka nsogbu ahụ ka njọ. Oke ọnụego nlọghachi mmiri ga-eduga na nso dị n'etiti EC ntinye mmiri na EC nloghachi. Mgbe ịgbara mmiri kwụsịrị n'oge, karịsịa n'ụbọchị igwe ojii, yana obere ìhè na oke iru mmiri, nnyefe nke osisi adịghị ike, oke nnabata nke ion elemental dị elu karịa nke mmiri, na oke mbelata nke ọdịnaya mmiri matrix dị ala karịa nke ntinye ion na ngwọta, nke ga-eduga na obere EC nke mmiri nloghachi. N'ihi na nrụgide ọzịza nke mkpụrụ ndụ ntutu isi osisi dị ala karịa ike mmiri nke ihe ngwọta nri rhizosphere, sistemụ mgbọrọgwụ na-amịkọrọ mmiri karịa, nguzozi mmiri adịghịkwa mma. Mgbe nnyefe mmiri adịghị ike, a ga-ewepụ osisi ahụ n'ụdị mmiri ịgbapụ (foto 1, aka ekpe), ọ bụrụkwa na okpomọkụ dị elu n'abalị, osisi ahụ ga-eto n'efu.

A na-atụle mgbanwe mgbe rhizosphere EC adịghị mma: ① Mgbe EC na-alọghachi dị elu, EC na-abata kwesịrị ịdị n'ime oke kwesịrị ekwesị. N'ozuzu, EC na-abata nke tomato buru ibu bụ 2.5 ~ 3.5mS/cm n'oge ọkọchị na 3.5 ~ 4.0mS/cm n'oge oyi. Nke abụọ, melite ọnụego nloghachi mmiri, nke bụ tupu ịgba mmiri ugboro ugboro n'etiti ehihie, ma hụ na nloghachi mmiri na-eme mgbe ọ bụla a na-agba mmiri. Ọnụọgụ nloghachi mmiri na-ejikọta nke ọma na mkpokọta radieshon. N'oge ọkọchị, mgbe ike radieshon ka karịrị 450 W/m2 ma oge ya karịrị nkeji 30, a ga-etinye obere mmiri mmiri (50 ~ 100mL/dripper) n'aka otu ugboro, ọ ka mma ka ọ ghara ịlaghachi mmiri mmiri. ② Mgbe ọnụego nloghachi mmiri mmiri dị ala, isi ihe kpatara ya bụ oke ọnụego nloghachi mmiri mmiri, obere EC na mgbanye mmiri ikpeazụ. N'ihi oge ịgba mmiri ikpeazụ, ịgba mmiri ikpeazụ na-akwụsịkarị awa 2-5 tupu anyanwụ adaa, na-akwụsị n'ụbọchị igwe ojii na oyi tupu oge eruo, ma na-egbu oge n'ụbọchị anwụ na-acha na ọkọchị. Jikwaa ọnụego nlọghachi mmiri, dịka mkpokọta radieshon dị n'èzí si dị. N'ozuzu, ọnụego nloghachi mmiri na-erughị 10% mgbe mkpokọta radieshon erughị 500J/(cm2.d), na 10% ~ 20% mgbe mkpokọta radieshon bụ 500~1000J/(cm2.d), wdg.

Ihe na-adịghị mma na ihe ndị na-akpata mgbanwe pH nke tomato rhizosphere

N'ozuzu, pH nke ihe na-emetụta ya bụ 5.5, pH nke ihe na-amịkọrọ mmiri bụ 5.5 ~ 6.5 n'ọnọdụ dị mma. Ihe ndị na-emetụta pH nke ihe na-amịkọrọ mmiri bụ usoro, usoro ọdịbendị, ọnụego mmiri, ịdị mma mmiri na ihe ndị ọzọ. Mgbe pH nke ihe na-amịkọrọ mmiri dị ala, ọ ga-agba mgbọrọgwụ ọkụ ma gbazee matriks ajị nkume nke ọma, dịka egosiri na Foto 3. Mgbe pH nke ihe na-amịkọrọ mmiri dị elu, a ga-ebelata mmịpụta nke Mn2+, Fe3+, Mg2+ na PO4 3-, nke ga-eduga na nsogbu nke enweghị ihe ndị dị na ya, dị ka ụkọ manganese nke pH nke ihe na-amịkọrọ mmiri dị elu kpatara, dịka egosiri na Foto 4.

Maka ịdị mma nke mmiri, mmiri mmiri ozuzo na mmiri RO membrane filtration na-abụ acidic, pH nke mmiri nne na-abụkarị 3~4, nke na-eduga na obere pH nke mmiri mbata. A na-ejikarị potassium hydroxide na potassium bicarbonate emezi pH nke mmiri mbata. A na-ejikarị nitric acid na phosphoric acid achịkwa mmiri olulu mmiri na ala mmiri n'ihi na ha nwere HCO3 - nke bụ alkaline. pH mbata na-adịghị mma ga-emetụta pH mbata na-alaghachi ozugbo, yabụ pH mbata kwesịrị ekwesị bụ ntọala nke iwu. Banyere ihe ọkụkụ, mgbe a kụrụ ya, pH nke mmiri mmiri mbata na-alaghachi dị nso na nke mmiri mbata na-abata, pH na-adịghị mma nke mmiri mmiri na-abata agaghị ebute nnukwu mgbanwe nke pH rhizosphere n'oge dị mkpirikpi n'ihi ezigbo ihe nchekwa nke ihe owuwu ahụ. N'okpuru ịkọ ajị nkume, uru pH nke mmiri mmiri mbata na-alaghachi mgbe a gbasasịrị ya dị elu ma na-adịru ogologo oge.

N'ihe gbasara usoro, dịka ikike nnabata ion dị iche iche sitere na osisi si dị, enwere ike kewaa ya n'ime nnu acid physiological na nnu alkaline physiological. Site na iji NO3- dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe osisi na-amịkọrọ 1mol nke NO3-, sistemụ mgbọrọgwụ ga-ewepụta 1mol nke OH-, nke ga-eduga na mmụba nke rhizosphere pH, ebe mgbe sistemụ mgbọrọgwụ na-amịkọrọ NH4+, ọ ga-ewepụta otu mkpokọta nke H+, nke ga-eduga na mbelata nke rhizosphere pH. Ya mere, nitrate bụ nnu dị mkpa n'ihe gbasara physiological, ebe nnu ammonium bụ nnu acidic n'ihe gbasara physiological. N'ozuzu, potassium sulfate, calcium ammonium nitrate na ammonium sulfate bụ fatịlaịza acid physiological, potassium nitrate na calcium nitrate bụ nnu alkaline physiological, ammonium nitrate bụkwa nnu na-anọpụ iche. Mmetụta nke ọnụego nloghachi mmiri mmiri na pH rhizosphere na-egosipụtakarị na mwepụ nke ihe ngwọta nri rhizosphere, pH rhizosphere na-adịghị mma na-akpatakwa site na mkpokọta ion na-adịghị mma na rhizosphere.

Nhazi mgbanwe mgbe pH rhizosphere adịghị mma: ① Nke mbụ, lelee ma pH nke influent dị n'ókè kwesịrị ekwesị; (2) Mgbe a na-eji mmiri nwere carbonate karịa, dị ka mmiri olulu mmiri, onye dere ya chọpụtara otu oge na pH nke influent ahụ bụ ihe nkịtị, mana mgbe ịgbara mmiri ahụ kwụsịrị n'ụbọchị ahụ, a lere pH nke influent ahụ anya ma chọpụta na ọ mụbara. Mgbe a nyochachara ya, ihe kpatara ya bụ na pH mụbara n'ihi nchekwa nke HCO3-, ya mere a na-atụ aro ka ejiri nitric acid dị ka ihe na-achịkwa mgbe a na-eji mmiri olulu mmiri dị ka isi iyi mmiri mmiri; (3) Mgbe a na-eji ajị nkume dị ka ihe e ji akụ ihe, pH nke ngwọta nloghachi dị elu ruo ogologo oge na mmalite nke ịkụ ihe. N'okwu a, pH nke ngwọta na-abata kwesịrị ibelata nke ọma ruo 5.2~5.5, n'otu oge ahụ, a ga-amụba dose nke nnu acid physiological, a ga-ejikwa calcium ammonium nitrate kama calcium nitrate na a ga-eji potassium sulfate kama potassium nitrate. Ọ dị mkpa ịmara na usoro NH4+ ekwesịghị ịgafe 1/10 nke mkpokọta N dị na usoro ahụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe mkpokọta N (NO3- +NH4+) dị na influent bụ 20mmol/L, mkpokọta NH4+ erughị 2mmol/L, enwere ike iji potassium sulfate kama potassium nitrate, mana ekwesịrị ịmara na mkpokọta SO4 dị^2-A naghị atụ aro ka mmiri mmiri gafere 6 ~ 8 mmol/L; (4) Maka ọnụego mmiri mmiri, a ga-amụba ọnụọgụ mmiri mmiri oge ọ bụla ma saa ihe e ji ekpuchi ya, ọkachasị mgbe a na-eji ajị nkume akụ ihe, yabụ enweghị ike ịgbanwe pH rhizosphere ngwa ngwa n'ime obere oge site na iji nnu acid physiological, yabụ a ga-amụba ọnụọgụ mmiri mmiri iji gbanwee pH rhizosphere ruo oke kwesịrị ekwesị ozugbo enwere ike.

Nchịkọta

Usoro rhizosphere EC na pH dị mma bụ ihe e ji amata na mgbọrọgwụ tomato na-amịkọrọ mmiri na fatịlaịza nkịtị. Ụkpụrụ ndị na-adịghị mma ga-ebute ụkọ nri osisi, enweghị nguzozi nke mmiri (nrụgide ụkọ mmiri/mmiri na-enweghị oke), ọkụ mgbọrọgwụ (oke EC na obere pH) na nsogbu ndị ọzọ. N'ihi igbu oge nke nsogbu osisi nke rhizosphere EC na pH na-adịghị mma kpatara, ozugbo nsogbu ahụ mere, ọ pụtara na rhizosphere EC na pH na-adịghị mma emeela ọtụtụ ụbọchị, usoro nke ịlaghachi na nkịtị osisi ga-ewe oge, nke na-emetụta mmepụta na ịdị mma ozugbo. Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa ịchọpụta EC na pH nke mmiri na-abata na nke a na-alaghachi kwa ụbọchị.

Ọgwụgwụ

[Ozi e hotara] Chen Tongqiang, Xu Fengjiao, Ma Tiemin, wdg. Rhizosphere EC na usoro njikwa pH nke ịkụ tomato n'enweghị ájá n'ime ụlọ griin haus iko [J]. Nkà na ụzụ injinịa ugbo, 2022,42(31):17-20.